Fruits and vegetables are considered as protective foods and received importance in healthy diet plan. Postharvest loss in quality as well as quantity of fruits and vegetables is huge due to seasonal production, high perishability, shorter shelf life and preservation through processing is one of the best methods to minimise the loss. Thermal methods are more popular and these traditional methods of fruit and vegetable preservation often affect the quality of final products in terms of color, taste, flavor and nutritional qualities. Demand for fruit and vegetable products with ‘fresh like’ qualities are increasing and there is a shift of thermal methods of processing to non-thermal methods to improve the quality of processed products. Several non-thermal methods of processing are developed in order to meet the consumer demand of which high pressure processing has proven to be extremely valuable for fruit and vegetable products. It is an emerging technology in juice and beverage sector which allow fruit and vegetable juices as well as smoothies to store safely for a longer time with fresh taste while preserving its nutritional quality.
The present study was undertaken to check and compare the virtue of plant extracts in relation to larvicidal activities against Anopheles subpictus. The lethality and toxicity of methanolic and aqueous extracts of Ocimum sanctum, Ocimum basilicum, Leucas aspera and Coleus amboinicus to early 4 th instar larvae of A. subpictus were determined in the laboratory. All plant extracts of Lamiaceae showed moderate effect against the larvae of A. subpictus after 24 hours exposure as evidenced by low lethal concentration and lethal time and the lethality varied in larvae and the crude plant extracts. The mortality rate was recorded after 24 hours of exposure and LC50 was determined. Larval mortality between 80% and 92% was observed in methanolic extract and 60-85% in aqueous extracts of selected plant species. The highest larvicidal activity against A. subpictus was obtained with methanol extract of O. sanctum. The present findings have paramount implications in the practical control of mosquito larvae and adults in the aquatic ecosystem as the medicinal plants studied are routinely accessible in enormous quantities. These plant extracts are easy to prepare, inexpensive, and safe for mosquito control which might be used directly as larvicidal agents in small dimension aquatic habitats or breeding sites around human dwellings.
Plants are one of the most abundant sources of potentially useful chemical compounds and medicinal properties. As a result, over the last few decades, the market for plant research has been steadily increasing all over the world. The future pharmacological behaviours of Cyperus rotundus Linn. are assessed using a literature review as a basis. Extracts from various sections of the plant (aerial component, tuber, rhizomes, etc.) produce significant amounts of medicinal active compounds, as well as the chemical structures of phytochemical constituents. The aim of this analysis was to look into the thrombolytic action of Cyperus rotandus methanolic extracts. The fraction's thrombolytic effect was studied in clot lysis experiment. In a thrombolytic activity test, the extract caused 60 % lysis of the blood clot, compared to 70.10 % and 4.70 % lysis for the positive control (streptokinase) and negative control (saline water), respectively. As a result, the extract possessed significant thrombolytic activity. To determine which compounds are responsible for the current pharmacological activities, detailed pharmacological and phytochemical studies are needed. The phytochemical research revealed the presence of phytochemical constituents in various solvent fractions. The presence of these phytochemicals was found to be responsible for the plants' in-vitro thrombolytic action.
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