In 221 patients (0.48% of hospital admissions) with hydatid disease (122 female and 99 males), 81% had single and 19% multiple organs involved. Lungs, liver and spleen as single sites of echinococcosis together represented 83.24% of cases and the liver alone represented 95.24% of instances with multiple organ involvement. One hundred seventy-nine single and 74 multiple cysts (ratio of 2.42/1) represented a total of 363 cysts (1.64 cysts/patient). The incidence of intact cysts was 51.52% and 48.48% had ruptured. Ruptures numbered highest in the lungs (73.44%) and greater in multiple (79.66%) than in single cysts (68.12%). In the liver, 27.14% of single and 54.55% of multiple cysts (40.44% of all liver cysts) had ruptured. Cysts varied in size from 0.8 to 35 cm diameter. Single cysts averaged significantly higher (14.16 cm) and multiple ones lower (5.71 cm) as did intact (6.75 cm) versus reptured cysts (4.33 cm). Except for 10 silent and 15 symptomatic cysts treated medically, all the rest were treated surgically by removal of the endocyst or resection of both endo and exocysts including 205 first, 31 second and 5 third procedures (1.75% of all major operations). Complications occurred in 28.57%. Surgical mortality (3.57%) was markedly lower than with conservative treatment (60%) and significantly less than that of the whole group (14.48%).

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Changes i11 atrial rate during and following ventricular arrest from acetylcholine irljectioris intc~ the atrioventrice~lar node artery of the dog. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacul. 45, 375 (1067).1)uring vcntricul,lr arrest obtained by injections of acetylcholine into the canine atriovcntrice~lar nude artcry, atrial acceleratiori of variable magnitude was observed. Upon return of ventric~ilar artivit y a marked slowing of at rial rate was usually noteti, followed by n gradual return to the initial sinus rhythni. SinliIar phenomena were observed with a preparation in which the sinu5 nude wcis destroyed and its activity simulated by an electronic relaxation oscillator coupled to the heart in a closed-loop fashion. Moclcl experiments with two interacting rehxation oscillators suggested that atrial acct~leration during ventricular arrest, and atri;il sl(~wing cil~riilg the return of ventricu1;lr activity, Mere governed by sor~le sort of feedback froin ventricles to sinus ~iode. A11 cours d9arr$ts ventriculnires produits par l'injection d'ac6tylcholine dans I'artltre du noeud auriculo-veiltric~~laire chez le chieri, des changenlerits dc frdquenc-c dlr rythine auriculaire furent obsc~rvi.~. Lors de la rdapparition tfes battements ventriculnires il se produisit un ralentissen~ent marqut! du r y t h~n e auriciilaire, suivi d'un retour nu rythltie sinusal initial. djes phdno~~i&nes sennblables furent obtc.n~is avec une pretpceratio~l da~rs lacluelle le noeud sinusal avait 6tt: d4truit, et son activite si1l111lPe par un oscillateur cle rel,~xation 6lectronique coup112 au coeur el m boucle fermke. Iles exp4ric~nces avec un nlvdhle coinposk de deux oscillateurs cie relaxatioli coupl6s oilt nlontrd que l'accClli.ration du rythrne auriculaire penidant l'arret ventriculaire, et :;n ddci.l&ratiun lor5 ctu retour de.; battements ventriculaires, dtaient d6terlnin6es par uiic: action de rctour des ventricules vers lc. noeual sinusal.111 the course of experiments in which atrioventricular (A-Vj notla1 rhythm follo~ved direct perfusion of the carli~le sinus node with negrttive chronotropic substanc'es, it was observed that the ventricular rate was disturbed prior to the returri of tlme sinus rhythm (I j. 9'1iis was interpreted as eviderice for some form of interaction between sinus and 11-V nodes, which would determine the respective rates of the tmTo pacenaaking centers as control passes from one to the other. I t was postulated that these phenomena were quite sinlilar to those occurring in a syste~ri of two interacting relaxation oscillators tv hich are rilade to synchronize and desy~ichronize.

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