ABSTRACT:In the study are presented results of experiments using bio-technological agents Amalgerol, Bio-Algeen G-40 and BIOSTRONG 510 in intensive pig, poultry breeding and cattle slurry treatment for ammonia emissions reduction. The measuring was conducted, suggested and verified by continual method through the measuring station ASECO and instrument 1312 Photoacoustic Multi-gas Monitor of firm INNOVA Air Tech Instruments. The reached results confirm unambiguously possibility to reduce ammonia emissions from farm animals breeding. ; CO 2 ± 3.4 mg/m 3 ; COMMETER 03121, temperature ± 0.21°C; humidity ± 1.8%. Keywords Method with utilisation of photo-acoustic spectroscopy (FAS)For measuring of ammonia concentration will be used the device 1312 Photo-acoustic Multi-gas Monitor of firm INNOVA Air Tech Instruments with multi-channel sampling and portioning system 1309.The principle of measurement is based on absorption of infrared light passing through the sample of gas. The photo-acoustic method measures directly the amount of absorbed light energy by measuring the acoustic energy radiated by the gas molecule before this has absorbed the light. The measured signal evaluation is conducted by means of appropriate software, processed and recorded. The apparatus enables to measure simultaneously in one site up to 5 gases and water vapour.At the end of 2003 this method was approved by the Czech Inspection for Environment and by Ministry of Environment of the Czech Republic for authorised measuring of ammonia emissions. The withdrawing sites layoutThe withdrawing site layout has a significant effect on objectivity of measured values. In prevailing amount of new or modernised stables for pigs and poultry breeding is used the forced ventilation. For measuring of ammonia concentration with respect to environment loading we choose the withdrawing site as close as possible to the output fans or slots in dependence on type of ventilation (negative pressure or positive pressure), where ammonia concentration in stable is highest, but not just in the flow of the drawn off air.For measuring and analysis of quantities is necessary to distribute measuring to some sites.The withdrawal sites in stable are placed:In zone of animals, i.e. in part of stable reserved between floor and height of staying animal or cage ceiling;In zone of operators, i. e. in part of stable determined for motion of operators providing basic maintenance of technology, poultry, treatment, veterinary control etc. Measuring is conducted in the respiration zone of standing man.In zone of ventilation, i.e. in space where ammonia emissions leave into atmosphere. Mostly it concerns measuring on drawing off ventilators. Measuring is significant for determination and verification of emission factor in framework of emission amount announcement into integrated register of pollution. METHOD OF MEASURED RESULTS EVALUATION AND CALCULATION RELATIONS Calculation of pollutant concentrationFor calculations are used relating conditions, when humidity, temperature and static press...
Abstract:The reduction of ammonia and greenhouse gases emissions resulting from the livestock breeding is conditioned by the performance of many experiments for the reducing technologies verification. The utilisation of biotechnological agents in the livestock breeding enables to reduce not only ammonia but in many cases also the principal greenhouse gases. In the paper is presented the system and methodology of the measurements, the choice of more than eighty authorised measurements, and the determination of the emission factors for methane, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, and nitrogen oxide from pig and poultry breeding.
The permanent deterioration of environment in the world forces the responsible authorities to create conditions for optimal development of both industry and agriculture. Agriculture is a specific sector producing 95% of total ammonia quantity in the world. For its reason there was started process in the framework of the European Economy Commission of the UN focused to the problem of the "abatement technology for animal husbandry". It was necessary to suggest and to verify methods of ammonia concentration continual measuring in the housing facility and outdoor environment. In addition there was suggested and verified the control methods for measured physical variables. The verified measuring methodology was incorporated into the legislative. In 2001 there was in drawn-up a new act on atmosphere control in the Czech Republic amended by the executive regulation for agriculture regarding the methodology of ammonia concentration measuring. This methodology provides how to perform the continual measuring and the sensors allocation.The measured air sample is taken -off at a certain instant of time for the purpose of investigated ammonia values comparison. The sample features are determined by the different authorised methods. For example, spectrometer is a suitable apparatus for this comparative measuring.All the spectrometric measuring methods are based on the knowledge, effects and reactions resulting from the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and material. Therefore there are two reagents. One of them (radiation) is measured to find out its features. At the same time there are observed reactions to the interaction. It is important that the acquired data inform us about examined substance atoms and molecule internal structure or, if need be, its concentration in mixture with other substances.Interpretation of radiation influence upon a substance is possible to be realised on basis of its dual hypothesis, i.e. wave -corpuscular character, when radiation has -according to this theory -wave properties (refractivity, reflectivity, flexibility) and simultaneously properties of energy elementary quantum flux -photons -moving as particles of certain wavelength in accordance with the de Broglie's relation. Each electromagnetic radiation is characterised by some basic quantities, e.g. frequency, wavelength, wave number (wave numbers per trajectory of 1 cm, unit equals cm -1 ), radiation spreading velocity, radiation photons energy etc. Result of interaction between the electromagnetic radiation and substance depends also on their properties and particularly on the radiation energy. Observed or registered phenomena of that process can be used for: -substance existence proof, -substance structure research, -substance concentration determination. This is a relatively rough limitation. By comparison of all methods used for this purpose (spectrometric in particular) will be found out that all these interactions can be decided into two groups: -Interactions with energy change between investigated substance and radiation...
Application of higher doses of compost has several technical problems at the same time. Compost application at higher doses required relatively high consumption of working time deployed machinery. That is mainly affected loading capacity of the spreaders. Standard is a spreader with a loading capacity of 5–10 t, for higher capacity it is necessary to monitor the influence of the chassis to a higher soil compaction, especially in wheel tracks. This paper deals with determination of the cost of application for spreading compost at high doses 60–100 t.ha−1. From the proven data of performance, acquisition costs of machinery and fuel consumption were determined hectare costs for the spreader of carrying capacity 5, 8, 10 a 15 t and transport distances corresponding to an area of 8–100 hectares of fertilized land. Costs were determined by using the program AGROTEKIS, by using the database machines, manufacturers data and other available data, direct measurements and related experiments. Application costs for the dose 60 t.ha−1 are 2 100–5 250 CZK.ha−1, for the dose 80 t.ha−1 are 2 750–7 000 CZK.ha−1and for the dose 100 t.ha−1 are 2 650–8 650 CZK.ha−1. The results are useful for quick and easy calculation of costs for fertilizing with higher doses of compost and deciding on the selection of used spreader.
Abstract:In the contribution are presented results of two experiments with utilisation of bio-technological agents Bacteriocomposter Plus and Bio-Algeen G40. The effect of these agents on the course of the composting process and emissions production from the composting was investigated. The experiment was also carried out with utilisation of biofilter. The emissions measuring was carried out by the continual method utilising the measuring apparatus INNOVA MULTIGAS (monitor 1312) Multipoint Sampler 1309 INNOVA. The results of the experiments have confirmed that the bio-technological agents have effect on the reduction of the emissions production from the composting activity.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.