Background: We depict the burden of heart failure (HF) in North America (NA) and Western Europe (WE), using a cyclical flow diagram of patients from diagnosis/hospitalization until treatment, stabilization and decompensation/death. Materials & methods: We obtained data on HF hospitalizations, prevalence, severity and treatment from national databases and primary/secondary research. Results: In 2020, we estimate 3.6 and 5.2 million HF hospitalizations, and 7.6 and 8.7 million diagnosed prevalent chronic HF (CHF) cases in NA and WE, respectively. All hospitalized HF and 86-88% of prevalent cases are drug-treated. The most widely prescribed drugs for CHF in NA and WE are β-blockers and loop diuretics, respectively. Conclusion: The high burden of HF in NA and WE calls for greater efforts to prevent ischemic heart disease.
Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and second leading cause of cancer death among women in the United States (US).1 Inherited mutations in germline breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 and 2 (gBRCAm) are associated with increased risk of developing cancers, including breast cancer.2 No published reports of gBRCAm incidence within an unselected US breast cancer population are available based on a comprehensive literature review (CLR). The main objective of this analysis is to estimate the incidence of gBRCAm breast cancer in the US. Methods: For this analysis the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program 18 registries captured incidence of breast cancer by stage, age and gender.3 The size of the US population was based on United Nation's population projections and standardized to the 2010 population.4 Age-specific gBRCAm distribution and gBRCAm-specific hormonal subtype for estrogen-receptor and progesterone-receptor (ER/PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) estimates were determined from a CLR.5-8 Tumor cells negative for ER/PR and HER2 are referred to as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Results: In 2016, it is projected that approximately 250,000 individuals will be diagnosed with invasive breast cancer (all genders). Median age range of the population with invasive breast cancer is 65-69 years and 99% are females. Majority (72%) of female invasive breast cancer cases are ER/PR+ whereas 11% of cases are TNBC. Corroborating with current publications, gBRCAm is estimated at 5% for individuals less than 50 years old and 1% among all ages. Median age range of the gBRCAm cohort is 40-44 years. After applying currently available gBRCAm specific literature parameters, the majority (55%) of gBRCAm diagnoses are TNBC. Conclusion: In the US, patients with gBRCAm represent a small proportion (1%) of all breast cancer tissues evaluated. Majority of gBRCAm patients are diagnosed with TNBC (55%) and are younger (median age range 40-44 years) than overall breast cancer population. Age differences noticed in gBRCAm may have been due to disparity in genetic screening practices among breast cancer population in the US rather than a reflection of gBRCAm expressions. These estimates of gBRCAm incidence are driven by limited reports on an unselected population of breast cancer gBRCAm cohort; therefore sensitivity analysis is required to assess the robustness of these estimates. 1. American Cancer Society. Facts and Figures 2016. 2. Miki Y et al. Science. 1994;266:66-71. 3. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program (www.seer.cancer.gov) Research Data (1973-2013), National Cancer Institute, DCCPS, Surveillance Research Program, Surveillance Systems Branch, released April 2016, based on the November 2015 submission. 4. United Nations Population Division. World Population Prospects, the 2015 Revision. http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/. 5. van den Broek et al. Eur J Hum Genet. 2015;23:588-95. 6.Turkovic L et al. BMC Cancer. 2010;10:466. 7. Atchley DP et al. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:4282-4321. 8. Spurdle AB et al. Breast Cancer Res. 2014;16:3419. Citation Format: Kim R, Peterson A, Isherwood A, Uppal H, Barlev A. Incidence of germline BRCA1- and BRCA2-mutated breast cancer in the US [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-08-28.
Background Primary membranous nephropathy (PMN) is the leading cause of nephrotic syndrome. Several studies conducted in Asia-Pacific region report the incidence of PMN. However, there is a paucity of peer-reviewed published prevalence data for this condition. Methods A literature review was conducted using PubMed and Clarivate’s Cortellis database from 1/1/1980 to 1/11/2019) to identify country-specific, age- and gender-specific diagnosed incidence rates and observed survival data-point inputs for use in our incidence- prevalence model. For countries lacking published incidence data, logical extrapolations were made, applying the incidence from countries based on comparable geography and healthcare access. Results The diagnosed prevalence of PMN varies substantially between the countries under study, from 15 per million population (PMP), in the Philippines to 277 PMP in China in 2021. The number of diagnosed prevalent cases of PMN in the countries under study will increase by 21% over 2021-2031 with highest growth in Vietnam (34%) and lowest in Australia (9%). Conclusions The prevalence of PMN is expected to increase over the next ten years due to population aging, changes in population size, and improvements in survival in the countries under study. Limited registry and published prevalence data for these countries is highlighting the need for increasing awareness and research for this rare disease. Key messages This study provides the insights into the current and future trends in the prevalence of PMN in next 10-years (2021-2031) which was otherwise not reported in the published literature
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