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The purpose of research is to determine how force of grain binding with the ear of winter wheat depend on properties of grain, its stage of ripeness and weather conditions. Objects of research is to consider dependences and regularities of changes in force of grain binding with an ear of winter wheat due to its temperature and humidity, duration of plant growing (standing) upon reaching full ripeness, ambient temperature and to assess the possibility of their use to control threshing process. Field experiments were carried out to determine force of grain binding with the ear of winter wheat of variety “Admiral”, its temperature and humidity, ambient temperature, duration of plant growing (standing) after reaching full ripeness over the recommended agro-harvesting period. On the example of graphic dependence of parameters under discussion for the studied variety on duration of plant growing (standing) over the period of experiments we revealed the tendency of their change. Type and closeness of binding were assessed according to correlation and regression analysis. It is established that the correlation between force of grain binding with the ear of winter wheat and independent variables is linear. The analysis of regression equation parameters: overall coefficients of correlation, determination, values of the Fisher criterion, significance level, as well as the Durbin-Watson criterion ensured that the chosen model is adequate and can be applied in practice to control threshing process.
The article describes the results of experimental determination of the trajectories of the toe of cultivator paws on spring racks of three types: light, medium and heavy. The trajectory was determined by loading on the test bench. It is established that the trajectories are non-linear in nature, and elastic displacements lead to the deepening of the toe of the paw, which violates the established depth of stroke. The loading ranges of the racks are defined, under which the deepening does not exceed the limits of agroadmission. The greatest recession was noted in middle racks, the smallest in heavy racks. It was concluded that it is necessary to monitor the recess of the toe of the feet mounted on the spring post.
The purpose of the research is to determine the degree of influence of morphological features: the length of plants, their stems, ears of winter wheat grown in the southern subzone of the Rostov Region, and the choice of operating modes for combing headers. The problems arise from the discrepancy between the parameters and operating modes of the combing devices for the characteristics of the harvested grain, and also because of the lack of knowledge of the physico-mechanical characteristics of the crop plants currently cultivated. When harvesting with streaks, it is necessary that only the ear of the plant gets into the working zone, the parameters of which are determined by the diameter of the combing drum, the gap between it and the fairing, their mutual arrangement, and the position of the header relative to the field surface. Compliance with this condition is necessary, but not sufficient for cleaning with a streak without loss of grain. When modeling on the mathematical model of the process of combing grain crops realized by a combing header in a specific field, knowledge of more than ten physico-mechanical characteristics of the harvested plants is required. Data on the characteristics of plants of winter wheat, cultivated in the conditions of the south of Russia, was accumulated by us for six years. The data on the non-uniformity of plant characteristics of five varieties of winter wheat are obtained. Measurements were carried out within the field to be cleaned, individual plots and grown in one bush. Geometric characteristics of plants, such as their height, length of stem and ear can be estimated with a certain degree of accuracy with a small number of measurements and visually, with the selection of the most different sites on the harvested massif. This article illustrates the influence of the geometric parameters of the plants of the crop being harvested on the quality of the process being performed and the possibility of controlling it by regulating the operating modes and controlling them.
As a result of the technical re-equipment of machine and tractor parks of agricultural enterprises, recently technological units of a new generation appear on the fields. The principal difference of such units is not only in their constructive modular design, but also in the aggregation of their mobile power tools or universal energy facilities with replaceable adapter modules. The classification of composite elements for the construction of such modular aggregates based on mobile power tools and universal power facilities - as their carrier systems and a set of replaceable adapter modules - as technological systems has been performed. Objects of the classification of load-bearing systems are subdivided according to their type, a number of the main distinctive features associated with the principle of aggregate formation, the performance of their running chassis, the integration of technological systems with bearing systems, the design features of location or the presence of separate composite units and mechanisms - power plant, control cabin , mechanism for replacing the plug-in adapters and others. For the objects of technological systems, distinctive features are identified that are associated with the processes performed and the purpose of the replaceable adapter modules, their design execution, and also with the ways of their aggregation with mobile power facilities and universal energy resources. Given the brand commercially cultivated machines, prototypes of promising conceptual designs. In the course of the patent studies, a number of security documents (patents) used in the designs of developed models and advanced units developed relating to technical and technological solutions were identified. The technical and economic assessment of the functioning of machine and tractor parks using the example of models of agricultural enterprises in the subareas of the regions of southern Russia predicted that the use of machine and tractor parks based on new generation units (mobile energy facilities with sets of plug-in adapters) will reduce the need for power machines, levels of costs for the recruitment of new equipment of machine and tractor parks and their operation.
A magnitude of a stripping tooth’s necessary strength is an important parameter for designing of reapers. Methodology and means of efforts’ measuring, appeared at stripping teeth, are suggested in the article so as they are necessary for strength calculations. As an example of this method, the definition of efforts, which appear at a tooth during stripping of winter wheat “Luchezar” variety with humidity 10.7% at the certain conditions, is used.
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