The ultrastructure changes in the ovarian follicle of normal adult females and those developed from treated 5 th nymphal instar of Schistocerca gregaria with LC 50 of anti-chitin compound (cascade), plant extract (Oriza sativa bran extract) and synthetic pyrethroid (Karate) were examined. In the present study electron micrographs of follicle cells of treated adult females with previous compounds showed a degeneration of ovarioles and oocytes .There is also evidence of mitochondrial disintegration. It is also noticed that vacuoles were increased and enlarged in follicle cells and yolk bodies were cracked mostly in two halves.

The field experiments were carried out at El-Berka village, Abu-Hommus, El-Beheira Governorate, Egypt during three Nile successive seasons, 2013, 2014 and 2015 to evaluate the susceptibility of potato cultivars to Polyphagotarsonemus latus and to throw light on population build up in relation to weather factors distribution within the potato plants. Present data showed that the high infestation of P. latus was recorded in October and November on the tested potato plants. The highest susceptible cultivars were represented by Spunta with mean number of 6.10 ±1.02 individuals /leaflet. The Moderate susceptible cultivar was represented by Sanura (3.66 ±0.59 individuals /leaflet). The lowest susceptible cultivar was represented by Pampa (3.60 ±0.34 individuals /leaflet). The results reflected that maximum, minimum and mean temperatures had negative effect on mite population. However, maximum, minimum and mean relative humidity and plant age had positive effect with the mite population on all potato varieties. The temperature, relative humidity and plant age were common factors affecting the development rate of various stages of mites.

Dithiocarbamates are a non systemic group of fungicides widely used to protect crops from fungal diseases. An applicable GC-Mass method is found to be specified to determine the residues of dithiocarbamates. The current methodology used to determine dithiocarbamates group (Maneb, Mancozeb, Metiram, Propineb, Thiram, Zineb) involves the analysis of carbon disulphide (CS2) generated after hydrolysis of the compound present in samples. The method performance was tested using recovery tests on different types of matrices (fresh fruits, vegetables and water samples). The average recoveries of CS2 at different concentration levels of CS2 varied between 70-120 %. The limit of quantitation is 0.05 ppm. The method showed to be linear up to 0.5 ppm. The reproducibility expressed as relative standard deviation was less than 12%. The measurement uncertainty in terms of expanded uncertainty and expressed as relative standard deviation (at 95 % confidence level and coverage factor of k = 2) is in the range of ± 24 %. A total of 71 samples of selected commodities (Green beans, Green peas, Green brocclli, Green onion, Potato leaves, Peanut and Water) were analyzed to assess levels of Dithiocarbamates during the period of January to December 2010 taken from different markets of Egypt.

Complementary strategies of pest management aiming to reduce the use of insecticides on Tuta absoluta infested tomatoes and potatoes carried out at Abo hommus during 2017 and 2018 seasons.Ten of generations of Tuta absoluta were recorded per year. The longest generation period was on January while the shortest generation was on May.On the other hand the percent infestation by Tuta absoluta was highest on tomatoes than potatoes. The pesticide consequence model indicated that (Emamectin benzoate -Chlorantraniliprole -Flubendiamide -Chlorfenapyr) gave the highest percent reduction of Tuta absoluta on the fourth model in the first season of 2017. While, (Chlorantraniliprole -Emamectin benzoate -Chlorfenapyr -Flubendiamide) gave the highest pest mean reduction on the third model in the second season of 2018. Flubendiamide followed by Chlorfenapyr gave the highest percent reduction of Tuta absuluta .Using pheromone traps (E3Z8Z11-14Ac ® ) to monitoring and capturing of Tuta absoluta males in the cultivated field of tomato and potato during 2017 and 2018 seasons, which show that infestation was fluctuated due to the different parameters at field condition.

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http://eajbsf.journals.ekb.eg/ The disruptive impact of novaluron, a chitin synthesis inhibitor, on the adult performance and reproduction of the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel)

In the present study two experimental trails were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of the food attractant (Buminal 5%) mixture with Dimethoate 40% E.C for controlling the fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) on mango orchard at Ismailia Governorate, Egypt during 2009 and 2010 by food attractant traps (traps baited) and partial spray for trees trunk in the experimental trails. Results showed that the mean reductions percentages by using Henderson and Tilton (1955) formula for both