Three (0.7 percent) cases of verified and seven (1.7 percent) cases of suspected HNPCC were identified, following the evaluation of all families with features indicative of susceptibility to cancer. The proportion of identifiable risk factors of CRC was 5.8-7.5 percent (HNPCC, 0.7-2.4 percent; previous CRC, 3.4 percent; ulcerative colitis, 1.0 percent; familial adenomatous polyposis coli, 0.7 percent). CONCLUSION. This prospective multicenter study revealed that the frequency of hereditary colorectal cancer is lower than in some previous studies, when diagnosis is based on extensive pedigree analysis. This result with recent findings of common ancestral founding mutation in Finnish HNPCC families indicates that there may be geographic differences in the occurrence of HNPCC. However, this does not change the fact that identification of HNPCC--perhaps one of the most common inherited diseases identified in humans--has become a question of vital importance now when diagnosis of the syndrome and large-scale screening of gene carriers using specific tests are on the horizon.
Laxen, F., Sipponen, P., Ihadki, T., Hakkiluoto, A. & Dortscheva, Z. Gastric polyps; their morphological and endoscopical characteristics and relation to gastric carcinoma. Acta path. microbiol. immunol. scand. Sect. A. 90: 221-228, 1982.In 13200 consecutive gastroscopies polyp-like lesions were found in 454 patients and of these 425 were examined histologically. Tumours other than polyps were excluded and there remained 357 cases which were divided in four groups: adenoma (8 % ), hyperplastic polyp (34 % )$ foveolar hyperplasia (21 %) and inflammatory polyp (36%). Transitional forms between different groups were seen and sometimes characteristics of different polyptypes could be seen within one and same polyp. In addition, the mean age of the patients increased in order: inflammatory polyp, foveolar hyperplasia, hyperplastic polyp and adenoma. suggesting that the different groups are not separete entities but represent related stages in the morphogenesis of gastric polyps. 219 cases out of 357 patients were re-examined endoscopically on average 2.5 years after the first examination. This examination revealed new polyps in 26% of all cases and spontaneous disappearance of the polyps in 14% of cases suggesting that gastric polyps, particularly those of the hyperplastic and inflammatory type are in a dynamically labile state. Gastric carcinoma was found in 27 (8%) of patients with polyps. In 4 of these cases the carcinoma was found at the re-examination (which in 3 cases was performed within 0.5 and in I case within I .5 year). In I4 cases carcinoma was found inside the polyps and in 6 of these carcinoma was mrlycc in its growth. In 13 cases carcinoma was found outside the polyps and in all of these carcinoma was )advanced((. Carcinoma was found in 38 % of adenoma cases and in 5 % of cases with polyps other than adenomas.Three main difficulties have obscured rational management of polypoid lesions of the stomach.
The relative risk of stump cancer following partial gastrectomy for a benign gastroduodenal condition was estimated using an individually matched retrospective study design based on autopsy material. Data on all patients dying with gastric cancer and autopsied at the Central Laboratory of Pathology, University Central Hospital, Helsinki, during 1961-75 were collected. Matched pairs of the same sex and age were used as controls. Of the 464 patients dying with gastric cancer, 9 had undergone previous partial gastrectomy, while the respective number among the controls was 5. This result suggests that the risk of cancer in the gastric stump was not significantly increased as compared to the normal unoperated population.
As long ago as 1914 W h i t e h o u s e showed that menstrual blood withdrawn from the uterine cavity into a glass catheter clotted normally, where as menstrual blood collected from the vagina did not clot. These observations were later confirmed by L o z n e r , T a y l o r and T a y l o r (1942) among others. The clotting in the uterine cavity is assumed to occur as a consequence of liberation of thromboplastins from the endometrium. The redissolution of the clotted blood is the result of fibrinolysis [A 1 b r e c h t s en, 1956). The fibrinolytic activity of the endometrium is known to depend on a plasminogen activator in the endometrium. R y b o (1966) has recently shown that concentration! of plasminogen activators in the endometrium increases during the secretory phase, the highest concentration occurring on tke first day of the bleeding. In cases of menorrhagia the concentration of plasminogen activators was significantly increased as compared with the values of normal menstrual endometrium. The fibrinolytic activity in the endometrium was higher on the first day of the bleeding than during the premenstrual phase. B e 11 e r and G r a f (1957) considered it possible that the plasmin of menstrual blood directly destroys the fibrinogen before any clotting occurs in the uterine cavity.The aim of this investigation was to study possible clotting and lysis of blood from the uterine cavity in metropathy and abortion.
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