The present study was delineated to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of camel brucellosis in Northern Somalia (Somaliland). The study was carried out at three main districts of camel-rearing regions of Somaliland (Awdal, Waqoyi Galbed and Togdheer) in the period from July to November, 2008. A total of 1246 camel blood sera were randomly collected from 42 sporadic small scale camel herds. Two serological tests were used to screen all serum samples, Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and indirect ELISA (I-ELISA). Multivariate logistic regression was constructed to study the risk factors associated with Brucella seropositive cases. The overall prevalence of camel brucellosis in districts under investigation was 3.9% by RBPT and 3.1% by (I-ELISA). Multivariate logistic regression on animal level showed that locality (P < 0.05; OR: 6.254; CI, 1.186-32.976), herd size (P < 0.001; OR: 5.493; CI, 2.956-10-207), rearing with other ruminants (P < 0.001; OR: 12.433; CI, 3.957-39.060), and contact with other camels (P < 0.05; OR: 5.311; CI, 1.093-25.800) were the potential risk factors. However, herd size (P < 0.05; OR: 5.425; CI, 1.181-24.932), and rearing with other ruminants (P < 0.05; OR: 20.466; CI, 1.456-28.638) were recorded as risk factors on the herd level. The results of the present investigation indicate that the Brucella spp. exists within the camel herds in Somaliland. Further studies need to be done on Brucella infection in the other ruminants to determine which measure should be followed for control of brucellosis.

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The present study showed that the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in overall studied ruminants (cattle, sheep and goats) where highest with Trichsrtongylus Axei 26.9% (n=343), Lungworm (Dictyocaulus spp.) 9.8%, (n= 125), Eimeria (Coccidia) 7.2% (n=92), Ascaris (Neoscaris vitulorum) 3.6% (n=14), and Homonchus contortus 2.3% (n=30) respectively. For cattle, the overall prevalence was 30.9% (n=120) with highest by Trichsrtongylus Axei 22.9% (n=89), Ascaris 3.6% (n=14), Lungworm 2.3% (n=9) and Homonchus 2.1% (n=8) respectively. For sheep, the overall prevalence was 60.7% (n= 282) with highest by Trichsrtongylus Axei 30.5% (n=142), Lungworm 17.8% (n=83), Eimeria 9.3% (n=43), and Homonchus 2.6% (n=14) respectively. For goats, the overall prevalence was 47.8% (n=202) with highest by Trichsrtongylus Axei 26.5% (n=112), Eimeria 11.6% (n=49), Lungworm 7.8% (n=33) and