When analyzing the biologic effects of ionizing agents we have to search for material which permits a complete study of (1) the immediate effects, in cytoplasm and nucleus, direct or indirect, on properties like viscosity, respiration, chromosome breakage, (2) later effects like seedling growth, survival up to the stage of reproduction, diploid and haploid sterility, and (3) the second generation properties of mutation frequency and mutant viability. Certain agricultural plants, for example barley, wheat, oats, peas, afford excellent material for such a complete analysis. In the following we concentrate on the barley plant.This report deals with a short summary of some recent results, obtained by the cooperation of numerous scientists working on cytoplasmic and chromosomal effects of radiations and aiming at the production of useful mutants in agricultural and horticultural plants. EHRENBERG considers some results relevant to the abovementioned points 1 and 2 and GUSTAFSSON certain results in connection with points 2 and 3.
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