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Horse bone, liver, duodenum, caecum and kidney alkaline phosphatases were separated by a commercial agarose gel electrophoresis method with and without neuraminidase pretreatment, following the manufacturer's directions. Tissue extracts were obtained in saline solution and ALP extracted from cell membranes by the butanol method. Electrophoresis was performed using a TRIS/barbital/sodium barbital buffer with detergent, pH 8.6 to 9.0, at 250 V for 30 minutes. Bone, liver and kidney untreated extracts showed two ALP bands each, but with different relative migration (compared to albumin migration). When they were preincubated with neuraminidase, the two bone bands showed a marked decrease in their migration, followed by the kidney ALP bands and the most anodic band of liver Both intestinal untreated extracts showed three bands but with different mobilities. After preincubation with neuraminidase, the three bands of caecum mucosa decreased in their migration, and the most anodic duodenum band disappeared, overlapping the second one. When tissue extracts were incubated with wheat germ-lectin (WGL), 74.5% of bone extract ALP and 67.2% of caecum extract ALP precipitated, which demonstrated that the ALP band of both tissues have similar groups in the carbohydrate side chains. Horse serum showed two electrophoretic bands, which increased to three bands when treated with neuraminidase. ALP from hepatocytes was the dominant isoform, followed by a caecum band. Because the electrophoretic mobilities of some of the tissue bands studied were identical, the neuraminidase agarose electrophoretic method appeared to be a satisfactory alternative to separate them.

Los objetivos de este estudio fueron evaluar electrocardiográficamente equinos F.S.C después de un período de 12 meses de entrenamiento, aportar una base de datos electrocardiográficos en relación al sistema de entrenamiento usado en nuestro medio y complementar la información ya existente sobre los cambios en estos parámetros inducidos por el ejercicio. Se registraron 15 ejemplares, clínicamente sanos, en los cuales se obtuvieron trazados de las derivaciones unipolares aVR, aVL, aVF y de las derivaciones bipolares DI, DII, DIII, correspondientes al sistema clásico de Einthoven. Para la obtención de los registros se utilizó un equipo portátil de tres canales, usando agujas colocadas subcutáneamente en el cuerpo del animal, en puntos previamente estandarizados para ubicar los electrodos exploradores. Se analizó ritmo, frecuencia cardíaca, amplitud, duración y configuración de los parámetros electrocardiográficos. Además, se obtuvieron los ejes eléctricos promedio de activación atrial, activación ventricular y repolarización ventricular (ÂP, ÂQRS y ÂT respectivamente). Los resultados obtenidos de las variables electrocardiográficas y vectoriales fueron comparados estadísticamente con los valores obtenidos de los mismos ejemplares en período de amansa (Dörner 2009). Se encontraron diferencias significativas en la frecuencia cardíaca y en la duración del proceso de depolarización atrial, lo que evidenciaría el desarrollo de un proceso de adaptación fisiológica a la realización de un ejercicio sistemático y constante en el tiempo. Adicionalmente, no fue posible observar características electrocardiográficas que permitieran inferir la presencia de una hipertrofia ventricular, lo cual atribuimos mayoritariamente al sistema de entrenamiento usado en nuestro medio más que a la duración de este. Por otro lado, se realizó un análisis de regresión entre el peso de los individuos y sus respectivos ejes eléctricos promedio ÂP, ÂQRS y ÂT, no encontrándose relación entre éstos, de igual manera a lo que ocurrió en período de amansa (Dörner 2009). En este estudio se corrobora y complementan los cambios en los parámetros electrocardiográficos inducidos por el ejercicio en equinos F.S.C.; no obstante, el aumento de la duración del intervalo QRS no fue significativo. Los datos obtenidos, principalmente la duración de QRS, son importantes al momento de evaluar y monitorear el sistema de entrenamiento utilizado.

Study question Is the mean endometrial progesterone receptor (PGR) expression in the endometrial epithelial compartment different between women with and without embryo implantation failure? Summary answer PGR expression is higher in epithelial endometrial compartment of women with embryo implantation failure, during mock hormonal endometrial preparation preceding frozen thawed embryo transfer cycles. What is known already PGR downregulation is critical for embryo implantation. Downregulation takes place during the window of implantation in the EEC, while, in stromal cells, it is highly expressed. Embryos are unable to attach to the maternal surface when PGR expression remains expressed in epithelial endometrial compartment (EEC). Limited information is available whether PGR is downregulated during hormonal endometrial preparation for frozen thawed embryo transfer cycles. Study design, size, duration In this cohort study, 47 endometrial biopsies were obtained between 2016-2017 Participants/materials, setting, methods Infertile women (n = 47) submitted to frozen thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles had an endometrial biopsy after 5 days of intravaginal progesterone supplementation during mock hormonal endometrial preparation (HEP) preceding FET and prospectively followed until confirmation of an intrauterine pregnancy. PGR immunostaining was performed using standard immunohistochemical technique (clone BSB2 - BS2126, BIO SB). PRG expression was quantified using the histologic score (HScore, range from 0 - 4). Ethical approval was obtained from local ethical committee. Main results and the role of chance Age, body mass index, endometrial thickness, and the number of embryos transferred were not significantly different between women who became or not pregnant. PGR Hscore (mean ± SD) in EEC was significantly lower in pregnant women (1.2 ± 0.8; n = 14 ) compared to women without pregnancy (2.8 ± 0.6; n = 33 ) Student t-test p < 0.0001. The AUC was 0.90 ± 0.05 (95% CI: 0.7-1) p < 0.0001 displaying 94.2 % sensitivity and 80.4% specificity for a 1.65 PGR cut-off value. Limitations, reasons for caution This is an observational study to determine if a difference in PGR expression was identified in these cases Wider implications of the findings The mean PGR expression is abnormally higher in EEC of women with embryo implantation failure using HEP for FET cycles. The 1.65 cut-off may be used in future studies to investigate whether high PGR expression is a risk factor for failure of blastocyst implantation in HEP for FET. Trial registration number not applicable

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Aphasia as the presenting symptom of a hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state. Case report Neurological manifestations such as seizures, disorders of consciousness and abnormal movements such as hemichorea and hemiballismus can be the presenting symptoms of hyperglycemic hyperosmolar states. Exceptionally, focal signs as hemiparesis or aphasia are described. We report a 66-year-old man, presenting with nonfluent aphasia and right subtle hemiparesis. The computed tomography, computed tomography angiography and brain magnetic resonance did not show acute ischemic lesions or obstruction of arterial vessels. The initial laboratory evaluation disclosed a blood glucose of 936 mg/dL, a plasma osmolality of 331 mOsm/Kg, and positive plasma ketones. After the treatment of hyperglycemia and hyperosmolality, focal symptoms subsided.