Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease caused by the malignant plasma cells proliferation through the bone marrow, often without symptoms, the cause of MM disease is unknown. Abnormal antibodies produce by the abnormal plasma cells, which can lead to renal problems and extremely thick blood. The plasma cells can form a mass in the bone marrow soft tissue. The diagnosing of MM is based on finding abnormal antibodies in blood or urine, trace elements are much important to an organism for their cell functions at the chemical, biological, and molecular levels. Examination of trace elements may be useful for diagnosing MM.
Nocturnal Enuresis is a common problem affecting 20% of five years old children and up to 2% of adolescent and young adult. Although, it is a self limiting benign condition, it has social and psychological impact on the child and his family. Many pathophysiological theories had been suggested, but none is confirmed. Hypercalciuria has been suggested to be associated with higher incidence of nocturnal enuresis. The aim of our study to test the value of Ca/Cr ration, on random urine sample, in diagnosing hypercalciuria in enuretic children. Forty four enuretic children were enrolled in this study and forty five children without nocturnal enuresis were taken as control group. The prevalence of abnormal Ca/Cr ratio was higher among enuretic children when compared with control group; the result was statistically significant (P. value 002). Among the enuretic children, higher Ca/ Cr ratio was statistically associated with urinary symptoms, abnormal general urine examination, and positive family history. No such association was found with the gender or frequency of bed wetting per week. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that hypercalciuria has a significant association with NE, rendering routine screening of hypercalciuria by Ca/Cr ratio on random urine sample, is reasonable. Furthermore, a large scale studies are needed to confirm the role of low calcium diet, and other measures in treatment of idiopathic hypercalciuria, in the management of enuretic children with abnormal Ca/Cr ratio.
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