The world is currently challenging the serious effects of the pandemic of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Data on pediatric COVID are rare and scattered in the literature. In this article, we presented the updated knowledge on the pediatric COVID-19 from different aspects. We hope it will increase the awareness of the pediatricians and health care professionals on this pandemic.
Neonatal septicaemia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries. We studied 118 neonates admitted to the main referral hospital in Al-Anbar with positive blood cultures. The incidence of neonatal septicaemia for babies born at this hospital was 9.2 per 1000 live births, and mortality was 28%. Staphylococcus aureus [39%], Klebsiella pneumoniae [30%] and Escherichia coli [21%] constituted 90% of all isolates. The isolates showed in vitro susceptibility to cefotaxime, chloramphenicol and gentamicin, but resistance to more commonly used antibiotics such as ampicillin and cloxacillin. We recommend initial gentamicin/cefotaxime combined therapy while awaiting culture and sensitivity test results. Our study highlights the importance of understanding the local epidemiology of neonatal septicaemia in formulating a rational antibiotics policy.
Nocturnal Enuresis is a common problem affecting 20% of five years old children and up to 2% of adolescent and young adult. Although, it is a self limiting benign condition, it has social and psychological impact on the child and his family. Many pathophysiological theories had been suggested, but none is confirmed. Hypercalciuria has been suggested to be associated with higher incidence of nocturnal enuresis. The aim of our study to test the value of Ca/Cr ration, on random urine sample, in diagnosing hypercalciuria in enuretic children. Forty four enuretic children were enrolled in this study and forty five children without nocturnal enuresis were taken as control group. The prevalence of abnormal Ca/Cr ratio was higher among enuretic children when compared with control group; the result was statistically significant (P. value 002). Among the enuretic children, higher Ca/ Cr ratio was statistically associated with urinary symptoms, abnormal general urine examination, and positive family history. No such association was found with the gender or frequency of bed wetting per week. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that hypercalciuria has a significant association with NE, rendering routine screening of hypercalciuria by Ca/Cr ratio on random urine sample, is reasonable. Furthermore, a large scale studies are needed to confirm the role of low calcium diet, and other measures in treatment of idiopathic hypercalciuria, in the management of enuretic children with abnormal Ca/Cr ratio.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.