Studies were conducted to determine the effect of potassium salt of indole-3-acetic acid on the rooting process and the quality of rooted grape cuttings. The work was completed in 2017–2018 on the sample of varieties Korinka russkaya and Victoria, which are most common in household plots of the Republic of Tatarstan. The lignified shoots of grapes were harvested in November and stored in plastic bags at a temperature of 2 ... 4°C. Before cuttings, they were soaked for 48 hours in tap water at room temperature and cut into two-kidney cuttings. The basal ends of the cuttings were furrowed. The ends of the cuttings (5 ... 6 cm) were immersed in solutions according to the experimental scheme: distilled water (control); indole-3-butyric acid, 3000 mg/l (standard); potassium salt of indole-3-acetic acid, 5000 mg/l; potassium salt of indole-3-acetic acid, 10000 mg/l. Processing the cuttings by potassium salt of indole-3-acetic acid composition at a concentration of 10,000 mg/L significantly improved the rooting process. The share of rooted cuttings in Korinka russkaya variety in 2017 was 77.5%, in 2018 - 90.0%. The greatest callus formation (29.0 ... 43.8%), the number of roots on the cuttings (26.0 ... 23.9 pcs.), The length of the roots (133.9 ... 140.1 cm) were noted in Victoria variety. A solution of indole-3-butyric acid at a concentration of 3000 mg/L also improved rooting compared to the control. Grape varieties varied significantly in the rooting of cuttings. On the Korinka Russkaya variety, all parameters on average over 2 years were higher than on Victoria cuttings.
Relevance. Applying exogenous auxins to the cuttings of grapevines is a common practice in viticulture to improve the rooting process. The potassium salt formulations of auxins have been documented to be more, less, or equally efficient as acid formulations in rooting stimulation of cuttings depending on the genetic features of the plant, type and concentration of auxin, type of cuttings, and many other factors.Methods. The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of potassium salt of indolyl-3-acetic acid (KIAA) on rooting of the hardwood cuttings of two grape cultivars namely, Korinka russkaya and Victoria, which are commonly planted by grape growers of the Tatarstan Republic. The study was conducted in 2018 and 2019 under hydroponic conditions in a controlled-environment growth chamber in Kazan State Agrarian University. The cuttings were treated with 1) KIAA at two concentrations (5,000 and 10,000) ppm; 2) β-indolyl-butyric acid (IBA) 3,000 ppm (as a check treatment) and 3) distilled water as a control.Results. Based upon the overall results, KIAA significantly improved the rooting process of both investigated cultivars. Rooting percentage, average number of roots on cuttings as well as the quality of the root system was enhanced with increasing auxin concentration up to 10,000 ppm. IBA also improved the rooting quality parameters over the controls. The two grape cultivars differed significantly in their rooting capacity: cuttings of Korinka russkaya in both years had greater values of all the studied parameters compared with those of Victoria cultivar except for the callusing percentage, which was higher in Victoria.
When growing high-quality grape seedlings, an effective organization of production is required, aimed at the intensification and development of the industry. Rooting grapes with lignified cuttings is one of the most effective and economical methods of reproduction. The article presents the results of three-year studies (2019-2021) to study the effect of biologically active substances on the rootability of lignified grape cuttings. The object of the study is the Victoria grape variety obtained by crossing Vitis amurensis and Vitis vinifera with the Save Vilar 12-304 variety in VNIIVIV im. Yakov Ivanovich Potapenko. The variety under study is a table variety with an early ripening period, characterized by increased resistance to powdery mildew, oidium and gray rot. Withstands low negative temperatures up to -26 ... - 27ºC, with a period from budding to removable ripeness of 115-120 days. During the experiment, records were made about the growth of callus, rooting and output of standard seedlings. When studying the effect of biologically active substances on lignified cuttings, they were treated with salicylic and β-indolyl butyric acids at concentrations of 2000 and 3000 mg/l. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that the highest percentage of rooting was obtained in the variant using salicylic acid at a concentration of 2000 mg/l and reached 84.5% on average over three years. The same version of the experiment showed the maximum yield of standard seedlings - up to 76.3% on average for three years.
The climatic conditions of the Irkutsk region belong to the risky agriculture zone. This is due to the environmental differences in soil characteristics, temperature conditions, the amount and distribution of precipitation in the regions of the region. Therefore, Therefore, spring wheat varieties should be available to agrarian producers. These varieties are able to produce high yields with good grain quality due to their biological characteristics. In this regard, spring wheat is being selected in order to create varieties with economically valuable characteristics. At Irkutsk State Agrarian University named after A. A. Yezhevsky the breeding work is conducting to obtain biotypes of the Angara 86 variety and use them in breeding practice. The selected biotypes are included in hybridization with the participation of varieties of Western Siberia and the Krasnoyarsk region. As a result of breeding work, a valuable source material was obtained, which is tested in breeding nurseries.
The article presents the results of the influence of the magnitude of heterosis on the main elements of the formation of yield (grain size and productivity of the main spike) of spring wheat in the Irkutsk region. The following were used as maternal varieties: Irgina, Krasnoyarskaya 83, Tulun 15, Tselinnaya 60, Altayskaya 92, Niva 2 and a variety from Mongolia Orkhon 85, as testers - Skala, Angara 86, Tulunskaya 12 The best indicators of hypothetical heterosis were manifested by the number of grains in ear in combinations Krasnoyarskaya 83 × Angara 86, Krasnoyarskaya 83 × Skala, Altai 92 × Skala (81.6 ... 85.7%). In terms of grain weight from the main spike, the best results of hypothetical heterosis were noted in hybrid combinations Krasnoyarskaya 83 × Angara 86, Orkhon 85 × Angara 86, Ni-va × Angara 86, Altai 92 × Angara 86 (100.0 ... 130.7%) ... Krasnoyarskaya 83 × Angara 86, Altai 92 × Angara 86, Or-khon × Angara 86 are recognized as the best hybrid combinations that can give the greatest yield of transgressive forms of elite plants.
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