A numerical solution of a spherical and cylindrical cavity expansion problem in sand is presented herein. The underlying theory is unbiased in that it is based directly on experimentally determined stress-strain curves. The solution makes it possible to follow the continuous variation of strains, stresses, and volume changes produced by cavity expansion. It essentially uses the "strain path" approach to determine the state of stress around the cavity, taking into account large strains and the effect of spherical stress variation on the mobilized shear resistance and the associated volume strains. A limited comparison with experimental data shows a reasonable agreement between theory and measurements.Résumé : Dans cette communication on présente une solution numérique du problème de l'expansion dans le sable d'une cavité de forme soit sphérique soit cylindrique. La théorie fondamentale est non biaisée, en utilisant comme base directement les courbes contraintes-déformations déterminées expérimentalement. La solution offre la possibilité de suivre la variation continue des contraintes et des déforamtions tant déviatoriques que volumiques autour de la cavité. Elle utilise essentiellement l'approche «cheminement de déformations» pour déterminer l'état de contraintes autour da la cavité, en tenant compte des grandes déformations et de l'effet de la variation de la contrainte sphérique sur la résistance au cisaillement mobilisée et sur les déformations volumiques associées. Une comparaison limitée avec les données expérimentales montre un accord raisonnable entre la théorie et les mesures.
Attempts have been made to simulate hillslope creep observations at a site near the village of Tuktoyaktuk, Northwest Territories. Unlike other creep studies in permafrost, this site was unique in that the deformations occurred within a massive ice body, forming the core of a 30 m high concentric hill approximately 1200 m long and 700 m wide. The described simulation model of slope creep is based on both an extension of a closed-form solution originally proposed for two- and three-dimensional ice caps and a finite element creep analysis. The solution covers cyclic temperature fluctuations and incorporates spatial variations of the temperature-dependent creep parameters. Results of simulations are compared with in situ measurements of creep displacements in the hill.Key words: permafrost, slope, creep, in situ measurements, numerical simulation.
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