Husbandry and welfare aspects of urban draught horses in the south of ChileAspectos de manejo y bienestar en equinos de tiro urbano en el sur de Chile RESUMENEn el sur de Chile los equinos de tiro continúan siendo la fuente principal de ingreso para numerosas familias. En muchas ocasiones estos equinos de trabajo no son mantenidos en óptimas condiciones. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las prácticas de manejo y parámetros relacionados con bienestar animal en un grupo de sesenta y un equinos carretoneros, pertenecientes a cincuenta propietarios, de tres ciudades del sur de Chile (Valdivia, Osorno y Puerto Montt). Se utilizaron métodos directos (basados en el animal) y métodos indirectos. Estos incluyeron aspectos de salud, comportamiento y prácticas de manejo. La mayoría de los equinos presentaron una conformación masisa, pero más pequeña que la de las razas de tiro clásicas encontradas en otras áreas templadas en el mundo. En general presentaron buena condición corporal (59%) y alertas (92%), con sólo unos pocos animales que presentaron una respuesta agresiva al momento de evaluar su comportamiento. Los principales problemas encontrados están relacionados con el manejo de cascos y las prácticas de alimentación. No se encontró asociación entre buena conformación de cascos y el uso de herreros o experiencia de los dueños. Esto se debe principalmente a una carencia de conocimiento y comprensión de prácticas de manejo y trabajo adecuados que permitan obtener un mejor rendimiento de sus equinos sin poner en riesgo el bienestar de éstos. La comunidad de dueños de equinos de trabajo se vería beneficiada con la instauración de programas educacionales en el futuro.

Efecto del nivel de suplementación con concentrado sobre la respuesta productiva en vacas lecheras a pastoreo primaveral con alta disponibilidad de pradera # SuMMARyThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of concentrate supplementation on the productive response of dairy cows fed high daily herbage allowance of spring pasture. The study was conducted from September to November of 2005. Twenty eight spring calving Friesian cows were assigned to four treatments: SP, grazing alone; PSC3, pasture plus 3 kg/d of concentrate; PSC6, pasture plus 6 kg/d and PSC9, pasture plus 9 kg/d of concentrate. The cows were supplemented twice a day and managed under a strip grazing system. Weight and body condition were recorded individually each week. Milk production was recorded individually on a daily basis and composition was analyzed each week. Coccigeal blood samples from each cow were obtained each week after the morning milking and analyzed for βOH-butyrate, NEFA, urea and albumin. Milk production for the SP, PSC2, PSC3 and PSC4 treatments were 28.1; 30.8; 31.2 and 28.8 l/day, respectively (P > 0.05). The concentrations of protein or urea in milk were not affected by treatments. Grain supplementation decreased (0.57%) milk fat concentrations (P < 0.05), but the level of grain feeding had no effect among treatments (P > 0.05). Plasma βOH-butyrate decreased (P < 0.05) with concentrate supplementation; meanwhile plasma NEFA and urea were not affected by concentrate supplementation or by increasing the level of grain feeding, averaging 0.31 mmol/l and 32.0 g/l, respectively (P > 0.05). It can be concluded that under these experimental conditions increasing the level of concentrate supplementation did not modify milk production or composition, the live weight or the body condition on dairy cows on spring pasture receiving a high daily herbage allowance.Palabras clave: vaca lechera, concentrado, pastoreo.

Chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) is the greatest known plant source of n-3 α-linolenic acid. The present study evaluated the effects of 3 inclusion levels of chia seed [zero (control); low, 2.7% (CLow); and high, 5.5% (CHigh)] in diets of dairy goats on milk yield and fatty acid profile. Nine Saanen dairy goats in the last third of lactation period, live weight 38 ± 8.7 kg, housed in metabolic cages, were fed iso-proteic and iso-energetic (160 g of crude protein/d and 11 MJ of metabolizable energy/d) diets. Gas chromatography was used to analyze fatty acid profile and total conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Silver ion HPLC was used to analyze the isomeric profile of CLA. The results were subjected to variance analysis using a Latin square design repeated 3 × 3. The CHigh treatment was higher for dry matter, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber intake compared with CLow and control diets. Digestibility was not affected by the inclusion of chia seeds. The CHigh diet improved N intake with respect to the control and CLow diet. Milk yield and chemical composition were not affected by the treatment. The milk fatty acid profile of C18:0, C18:1, C18:2, and C:20 was higher for CHigh than the other treatments. The in vitro gas production (mL of gas/g of dry matter) was lower in CHigh than the control diet. In conclusion, the addition of chia seeds at the CHigh level in dairy goat diets negatively affected in vitro rumen fermentation, but increased the milk fatty acid profile of C18:0, C18:1n-9 cis, and C:20, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The total CLA content increased from 0.33 to 0.73% with the supplementation of chia to the diet, as well as the isomers cis-9,trans-11, trans-7,cis-9, trans-11,cis-13, and trans-12,trans-14.

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SummaryThe present paper includes an historical briefing, a morphological description of blood polymorphism, and current use of the Chilote pony horse breed. Its characteristics differentiate it from other horse breeds present in Chile.Historical records, phenotypic and genetic characteristics show that the ancestors of this breed were brought to Chiloé by the Spanish conquerors.The actual population of the Chilote pony in Chiloé islands, as estimated by the present study, is not more than 300 horses. In order to maintain this genetic material it appears relevant to start with a conservation project for this horse in Chile.

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The prevalence of mobile telephone use while driving vehicles can be considered high, because of the increase in car accidents. The profile of drivers using mobile telephones corresponds to men aged 18-40 years or more than 61 years, in urban intersections, without passengers, during workdays and at the rush hour. We recommend the implementation of measures to decrease the use of mobile telephones while driving.