Simulations of the Simmel effect are performed for agents in a scalefree social network. The social hierarchy of an agent is determined by the degree of her node. Particular features, once selected by a highly connected agent, became common in lower class but soon fall out of fashion and extinct. Numerical results reflect the dynamics of frequency of American babies names in 1880-2011.
When considering the microdosimetric energy deposition in small biological targets the Auger electron emitter 125I behaves like a high-LET radiation. For a specific incorporation in sensitive biological volumes of 20 nm in diameter a mean lineal energy of gamma F approximately equal to 270 keV micron-1 has been evaluated. Experimental data on transformation, mutation and chromosome aberration from DNA-bound 125I are interpreted to yield RBE-values, relative to 200 kV X rays, of 32 to 38 (transformations), 1 to 16 (mutations) and 6 to 77 (chromosome aberrations). Thus the RBE for transformation and chromosome aberration tends to be larger than the ICRP recommended high-LET quality factor (Q = 20). The implications of these results for the function Q(L) applied in radiation protection will be discussed.
This paper deals with the popularity of given names in the United States, for the period 1885-2009. Based on the data obtained from the website of U.S. Social Security Administration, it was demonstrated that the fashion of naming babies after the incumbent American president passed away in the '60s. At the same time, however, examples were given, mainly concerning celebrities, after whom babies are still named. The above theses were strengthened with the aid of quantitative data analysis by constructing an index dedicated to the specifics of the task under investigation. The obtained results were discussed in the terms of the rally effect and of the Simmel theory of fashion.
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