The purpose of this review paper is to present the results of laser anemometry and flow visualization studies of the flow of liquids in porous structures. Three dimensional velocity profiles and movies of dye streaklines will be shown. The porous media consisted of plexiglas spheres in a hexagonal packing and glass and plexiglas rods arranged in a complex, fixed three dimensional geometry. The liquids used were water, silicone oils, Sohio MDI-57 oil and mineral seal oil. The Reynolds number based on average pore size and average pore velocity ranged from 0.16 to 700.
The observed phenomenon of a superimposed axial stress pulse traveling at an elastic stress wave velocity down a rod which was axially stressed in the plastic region initially, has been explained by taking into account three-dimensional stress effects [l], 3 and Lee [2]. Rate-dependent theory also explains the phenomenon, as in a recent publication by Nicholas [3]. There is a need for analytical studies of three-dimensional stress effects for stress pulses in initially plastically stressed rods and tubes. The assumption by Banerjee and Malvern of a two-dimensional stress state in the tubes which were tested may not be accurate.
A successful measurement of fluid velocity inside porous media is presented. A laser anemometer was used to measure velocities in a packed bed of transparent spheres. The refractive index of the spheres was matched with that of the flowing fluid.
When a sensor is embedded in a solid body to measure its internal temperature, any conduction to, or from, its sensing element may cause the indicated temperature to be different from the true temperature. This paper describes an analysis of the error caused by conduction when there is an arbitrary temperature distribution in thebbody along the sensor. The sensor is modeled as a cylindrical fin and the appropriate conduction equation is solved. The solution gives a correction for the error which depends on such parameters as, depth of immersion, thermocouple wire and insulation properties, contact between the sensor and the body, and temperature distribution in the body. The latter may not be known, but the measured temperature distribution can be used as a first approximation. The corrected value can then be used to obtain a better estimate of the error. The results show good agreement with experimental observations.
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