This review covers studies dealing with simplified analytical models for ballistic penetration of an impactor into different solid media, namely, metals, soil, concrete, and composites at high speeds, but not at hypervelocities. The overview covers mainly papers that were published in the last decade, but not analyzed in previous reviews on impact dynamics. Both mathematical models and their engineering applications are considered. The review covers 280 citations.

PrefaceThe subject of this book is related to the previous monograph by the authors (Ben-Dor et al., 2006a). However, the contents of the book and the amount of included material are completely different.In this book we consider normal high-velocity penetration (with zero angle of attack) of rigid (non-deformable) projectiles into a shield. Highspeed penetration is accompanied mainly by local interaction of a striker with a shield and corresponds to the range of impact velocities from several hundreds up to s m 500 , 1. The case of relatively small impact velocities when a striker interacts with a whole plate and hypervelocity penetration that can be described by hydrodynamic models, are not considered in the monograph.In writing the book the authors pursued two goals: (i) to give a comprehensive description of the engineering models for calculating high-speed penetration of rigid projectiles into various media (concrete, metals, geological shields) and (ii) to demonstrate the capabilities and efficiency of using approximate models for investigating conventional and non-standard problems of penetration mechanics.The first goal is accomplished by surveys which describe empirical (phenomenological) and analytical models of penetration into concrete, metals and geological shields. This part of the book (more than a quarter of the book) is in fact a handbook since it contains a very detailed summary of the models that allows their use for practical calculations.The second goal is achieved by presenting the results of the investigations which the authors conducted during recent years. Presentation includes comprehensive surveys of the state-of-the art in relevant research fields. The problems considered can be separated into two large classes. The first class includes the traditional problems where a considerable progress has been achieved during the last years: analysis of the effect of spacing and layering on protective properties of plates and optimization of the multilayered shields; optimization of the shape of the projectiles penetrating into various shields; optimization of two- vi Preface component ceramic-metal armor. The second class includes nontraditional problems and approaches: modeling of penetration and optimal control of penetrators equipped with jet thruster; investigation of the efficiency and optimization of segmented impactors; new approaches for developing penetration models (inverse problems); estimating ballistic properties of penetrators under the conditions of incomplete information.

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