All o cial data are currently integrated and harmonized in a spatial reference system. This paper outlines a national geodetic and cartographic resources in Poland. The national geodetic and cartographic resources are an important part of the spatial information infrastructure in the European Community. They also provide reference data for other resources of Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI), including: main and detailed geodetic control networks, base maps, land and buildings registries, geodetic registries of utilities and topographic maps. This paper presents methods of producing digital map data and technical standards for eld surveys, and in addition paper also presents some aspects of building Global and Regional SDI.
The paper presents estimation of horizontal accuracy of maps using of initial statistical analysis. Investigations have been performed for four large-scale digital maps made with different methods of producing digital map data: new total station survey (object A), re-calculation of previous direct measurements (orthogonal and polar surveys) (object B), manual vectorisation of a raster orthophotomap image (object C) and graphical-and-digital processing of analogue maps (object D). Analysis has been performed for large statistical samples of sets of vectors of shift of control points ε L and their components, i.e. true errors of increments of coordinates ε X , ε Y. In the case of a map produced by means of new survey with an electronic tacheometer, the true errors were represented by differences between coordinates of control points obtained from two separate set outs. In the case of other methods of data collection for digital map production true errors were represented by differences of coordinates acquired from an investigated map and coordinates calculated from new direct surveys. WSTĘPNE WYKORZYSTANIE ANALIZY STATYSTYCZNEJ DO OCENY DOKŁADNOŚCI OPRACOWANIA SYTUACYJNEGO WIELKOSKALOWYCH MAP CYFROWYCH Adam Doskocz Katedra Geodezji Szczegółowej Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie S ł o w a k l u c z o w e: mapa cyfrowa, dokładność opracowania sytuacyjnego, analiza statystyczna. A b s t r a k t W pracy przedstawiono ocenę dokładności opracowania sytuacyjnego map numerycznych z wykorzystaniem wstępnej analizy statystycznej. Badania zrealizowano na przykładzie czterech wielkoskalowych map numerycznych wykonanych różnymi metodami pozyskiwania danych numerycznych: nowy pomiar tachimetrem elektronicznym (obiekt A), przeliczenie wyników wcześniejszych pomiarów bezpośrednich (ortogonalnych i biegunowych) (obiekt B), manualną wektoryzację rastrowego obrazu ortofotomapy (obiekt C) oraz przetworzenie graficzno-numeryczne map analogowych (obiekt D). Analizę wykonano na dużych próbach statystycznych zbiorów długości wektorów przesunięcia punktów kontrolnych ε L oraz jego składowych, tj. błędach prawdziwych przyrostów współrzędnych ε X , ε Y. W przypadku mapy wykonanej z nowych pomiarów tachimetrem elektronicznym jako błędy prawdziwe przyjęto różnice dwukrotnie wyznaczonych współrzędnych punktów kontrolnych. W odniesieniu do pozostałych metod pozyskiwania danych do tworzenia map numerycznych błędy prawdziwe uzyskano z różnic współrzędnych pozyskanych z badanej mapy i współrzędnych wyznaczonych z nowego pomiaru bezpośredniego.
At present, when digital maps are produced, areas are either calculated with the use of analytical-and-digital methods or they are directly acquired from databases. Besides the area of objects is a key attribute stored in cadastral registers and for other geodetic purposes. In the process of development and modernization or updating lands or buildings register database the knowledge of the certainty of analytical determination of areas is required. The knowledge of accurately determined areas is also indispensable for other activities, as e.g. in the case of geodetic maintenance of investments or in the process of control of direct subsidies for agriculture, which are performed within the Integrated Administration and Control System (IACS). The paper considers the case of the relative accuracy of calculation the area of the geometric figure (error-free assumption for the geodetic control network points) basing on mean square errors of X, Y coordinates of its vertices. A formula, which defines the accuracy of the calculation the area of the polygon, was determined from well known Gauss' equation on double area calculation. In analyses was stated permissible uncertainty of calculation of an area from coordinates of vertices' points for different methods of producing cadastral and other digital map data.
This paper presents decision-making risk estimation based on planimetric large-scale map data, which are data sets or databases which are useful for creating planimetric maps on scales of 1:5,000 or larger. The studies were conducted on four data sets of large-scale map data. Errors of map data were used for a risk assessment of decision-making about the localization of objects, e.g. for land-use planning in realization of investments. An analysis was performed for a large statistical sample set of shift vectors of control points, which were identifi ed with the position errors of these points (errors of map data). In this paper, empirical cumulative distribution function models for decision-making risk assessment were established. The established models of the empirical cumulative distribution functions of shift vectors of control points involve polynomial equations. An evaluation of the compatibility degree of the polynomial with empirical data was stated by the convergence coeffi cient and by the indicator of the mean relative compatibility of model. The application of an empirical cumulative distribution function allows an estimation of the probability of the occurrence of position errors of points in a database. The estimated decision-making risk assessment is represented by the probability of the errors of points stored in the database.
Official data, including national geodetic and cartographic resources, are integrated in a spatial reference system. This study outlines national resources in Poland as an important part of the spatial information infrastructure in the European Community. They also provide reference data, including: geodetic control networks, base map, and topographic maps, for other resources of spatial data infrastructure. The study presents changes in the methods of sharing geo-data and technical standards for their collecting in the last few years, and additionally also presents some aspects of progressing geodetic and cartographic resources and legislation in Poland. It was noted that modern national geoportal or regional and district resources and progress, especially in the form of their standardization of presentation, enable to promote the use of spatial data in Poland and their popularization among the international community.
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