In obese patients, subtle variations of the hydration of soft tissues can propagate errors in bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) measures of body composition. Bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (BIVA) is a useful method to evaluate tissue hydration. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) is a purely restrictive bariatric surgical procedure resulting in lower fat-free mass (FFM) loss than other malabsorptive or mixed intervention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the 6- and 12-month changes in body composition in a homogeneous group of premenopausal morbidly obese women treated by LAGB by comparing the results of conventional BIA and BIVA with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) method. Forty-five consecutive morbidly obese patients (mean age, 35.3 +/- 9.1 years; body mass index, 34.5-48.7 kg/m(2)) were prospectively evaluated at the Endocrinology Unit of the Department of Molecular and Clinical Endocrinology and Oncology. The LAGB device (Lap-Band System; Inamed Health, Santa Barbara, CA, USA) was inserted laparoscopically. Soft tissue hydration was evaluated by BIVA; fat mass (FM) and FFM were evaluated by BIA (BIA 101 RJL, Akern Bioresearch, Firenze, Italy) and by DXA (Hologic QDR 4500A S/N 45622; Hologic Inc., Bedford, MA, USA). Pre- and postoperative BIVA vectors indicated a normal hydration in all patients. Postoperatively, the excess of body weight loss was mainly due to a decrease in FM. The regression analysis of BIA and DXA methods at baseline and at the 6- and 12-month follow-up for FM r (2) values were 0.98, 0.94, and 0.99, respectively (p < 0.001); FM% r (2) values were 0.91, 0.89, and 0.98, respectively (p < 0.001); and FFM r (2) values were 0.87, 0.82, 0.99, respectively (p < 0.001). BIA and DXA measurements of body composition exhibit a high relative agreement in the study group of normo-hydrated obese subjects. BIA tends to overestimate FFM, but this effect is reduced along with the weight loss during the follow-up. Under the stable hydration, the BIA method may be useful as an alternative to DXA in a selected clinical setting when repeated comparisons of body composition are required.
BackgroundFat mass (FM) in overweight/obese subjects has a primary role in determining low-grade chronic inflammation and, in turn, insulin resistance (IR) and ectopic lipid storage within the liver. Obesity, aging, and FM influence the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I axis, and chronic inflammation might reduce IGF-I signaling. Altered IGF-I axis is frequently observed in patients with Hepatic steatosis (HS). We tested the hypothesis that FM, or spleen volume and C-reactive protein (CRP)--all indexes of chronic inflammation--could affect the IGF-I axis status in overweight/obese, independently of HS.MethodsThe study population included 48 overweight/obese women (age 41 ± 13 years; BMI: 35.8 ± 5.8 kg/m2; range: 25.3-53.7), who underwent assessment of fasting plasma glucose and insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA), cholesterol and triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, transaminases, high-sensitive CRP, uric acid, IGF-I, IGF binding protein (BP)-1, IGFBP-3, and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio. Standard deviation score of IGF-I according to age (zSDS) were also calculated. FM was determined by bioelectrical impedance analysis. HS severity grading (score 0-4 according liver hyperechogenicity) and spleen longitudinal diameter (SLD) were evaluated by ultrasound.ResultsMetabolic syndrome (MS) and HS were present in 33% and 85% of subjects, respectively. MS prevalence was 43% in subjects with increased SLD. IGF-I values, but not IGF-I zSDS, and IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio were significantly lower, while FM%, FPI, HOMA, ALT, CRP, were significantly higher in patients with severe HS than in those with mild HS. IGF-I zSDS (r = -0.42, r = -0.54, respectively; p < 0.05), and IGFBP-1 (r = -0.38, r = -0.42, respectively; p < 0.05) correlated negatively with HS severity and FM%. IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio correlated negatively with CRP, HS severity, and SLD (r = -0.30, r = -0.33, r = -0.43, respectively; p < 0.05). At multivariate analysis the best determinants of IGF-I were FM% (β = -0.49; p = 0.001) and IGFBP-1 (β = -0.32; p = 0.05), while SLD was in the IGF-I/IGFBP-3 ratio (β = -0.43; p = 0.004).ConclusionsThe present study suggests that lower IGF-I status in our study population is associated with higher FM, SLD, CRP and more severe HS.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of melatonin supplementation during in vitro maturation on fertilization and embryo development in cattle. Bovine cumulus-oocyte-complexes (COC), recovered from abattoir ovaries, were matured in vitro in the absence (control) and in the presence of 10 μM, 100 μM and 1 mM of melatonin. Matured oocytes were fertilized in vitro with frozen-thawed sperm and cultured up to the blastocyst stage. The results of this work demonstrated that melatonin enrichment of the in vitro maturation (IVM) medium does not affect both cleavage (71.0, 72.8, 72.5 and 72.7 % in the control group and in the groups supplemented with 10 μM, 100 μM and 1 mM of melatonin respectively) and blastocyst rates (41.3, 33.8, 39.4 and 38.3 % respectively) in cattle
Among moderately-severely obese individuals the prevalence of the MetS was higher in GHD than in GHS subjects. Thus, in obese subjects, GH status investigation might be considered in the clinical evaluation of their metabolic risk profile.
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