Optical linear and nonlinear properties of single crystals of m-aminophenol, m-nitroaniline, m-chloronitrobenzene, and m-bromonitrobenzene have been studied. The second order optical susceptibilities have been measured with a Nd–YAG laser using a generalization of the Maker fringes technique to the case of biaxial crystals; their relative signs have been determined. The calculated phase matching conditions have been experimentally confirmed. m-Chloronitrobenzene, m-bromonitrobenzene alloys have a high figure of merit and are noncritically phase matchable from 0.974 to 1.069 μm as a function of concentration. The validity of an additivity approach to account for crystal nonlinearities is verified. The vector portion of the nonlinear susceptibility is related to the crystalline spontaneous polarization.
Li2O out-diffusion in Ti-diffused LiNbO3 optical waveguide was suppressed by annealing a LiNbO3 y-cut substrate in Li2CO3 powder prior to the Ti-diffusion process. The waveguide, made of the substrate annealed at 600 °C for 72 h, supported single TE and TM modes without any out-diffusion modes for 0.6328-μm light propagation.
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