In the Intraoperative Hypothermia for Aneurysm Surgery Trial, neither systemic hypothermia nor supplemental protective drug affected short- or long-term neurologic outcomes of patients undergoing temporary clipping.

Background Perioperative hypothermia has been reported to increase the occurrence of cardiovascular complications. By increasing sympathetic nervous system activity, perioperative hypothermia also has the potential to increase cardiac injury and dysfunction associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Methods The Intraoperative Hypothermia for Aneurysm Surgery Trial randomized patients undergoing cerebral aneurysm surgery to intraoperative hypothermia (n = 499, 33.3 ± 0.8°C) or normothermia (n = 501, 36.7 ± 0.5°C). Cardiovascular events (hypotension, arrhythmias, vasopressor use, myocardial infarction, etc.) were prospectively followed until 3 month follow-up and were compared between hypothermic and normothermic patients. A subset of 62 patients (hypothermia, n = 33; normothermia, n = 29) also had preoperative and postoperative (within 24 h) measurement of cardiac troponin-I and echocardiography to explore the association between perioperative hypothermia and subarachnoid hemorrhage-associated myocardial injury and left ventricular function. Results There was no difference between hypothermic and normothermic patients in the occurrence of any single cardiovascular event or in composite cardiovascular events. There was no difference in mortality (6%) between groups and there was only a single primary cardiovascular death (normothermia). There was no difference between hypothermic and normothermic patients in post- vs. preoperative left ventricular regional wall motion or ejection fraction. Compared with preoperative values, hypothermic patients had no postoperative increase in cardiac troponin-I (median change 0.00 μg/L) whereas normothermic patients had a small postoperative increase (median change + 0.01 μg/L, P = 0.038). Conclusion In patients undergoing cerebral aneurysm surgery, perioperative hypothermia was not associated with an increased occurrence of cardiovascular events.

Background We explored the relationship between nitrous oxide use and neurological and neuropsychological outcome in a population of patients likely to experience intraoperative cerebral ischemia: i.e., those who had temporary cerebral arterial occlusion during aneurysm clipping surgery. Methods A post hoc analysis of a subset of the data from the Intraoperative Hypothermia for Aneurysm Surgery Trial was conducted. Only subjects who had temporary arterial occlusion during surgery were included in the analysis. Metrics of short-term and long-term (i.e., 3 months post-surgery) outcome were evaluated via both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. An odds ratio (OR) of greater than 1.0 denotes a worse outcome in patients receiving nitrous oxide. Results We evaluated 441 patients, of which 199 received nitrous oxide. Patients receiving nitrous oxide had a greater risk of delayed ischemic neurologic deficits (i.e., the clinical manifestation of vasospasm) (OR=1.78, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.08–2.95, p=0.025). However, at 3 months after surgery, there was no difference in any metric of gross neurologic outcome: Glasgow Outcome Score (OR=0.67, CI=0.44–1.03, p=0.065), Rankin Score (OR=0.74, CI=0.47–1.16, p=0.192), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (OR=1.02, CI=0.66–1.56, p=0.937), or Barthel’s Index (OR=0.69, CI=0.38–1.25, p=0.22). The risk of impairment on at least one test of neuropsychological function was reduced in those who received nitrous oxide (OR=0.56, CI=0.36–0.89, p=0.013). Conclusion In our patient population, use of nitrous oxide was associated with an increased risk for the development of delayed ischemic neurologic deficits; however, there was no evidence of detriment to long-term gross neurologic or neuropsychological outcome.

OBJETIVOS: Apresentar o programa e avaliar a tolerância dos pacientes à correção das hérnias inguinais em ambulatório sob anestesia local. MÉTODO: Foram analisados 61 pacientes submetidos a tratamento cirúrgico de hérnia inguinal unilateral não complicada, sob anestesia local em ambulatório no Serviço de Cirurgia Geral do Conjunto Hospitalar do Mandaqui, entre fevereiro de 2000 e agosto de 2002. Respeitandose rígidos critérios na seleção dos pacientes, e com os mesmos sob sedação e monitorização contínua, realizou-se bloqueio de campo conforme padronização do serviço. A técnica de reforço da parede abdominal foi definida levando-se em consideração o tipo de hérnia, idade do paciente e sua atividade profissional. Todos os pacientes receberam alta hospitalar em até quatro horas após a cirurgia respeitando-se as condições estabelecidas pela resolução CFM nº 1.409/94, com orientações precisas quanto a possíveis complicações imediatas e retorno para atendimento em Pronto-Socorro caso necessário. RESULTADOS: O tempo cirúrgico médio foi de 1h30min. Quanto ao tipo de hérnia, segundo a classificação de Nyhus, prevaleceu o tipo III B (36%), seguido dos tipos III A (34,5%) e II (26,2%). A técnica de reforço mais utilizada foi a de Lichtenstein (80,3%). Quanto à avaliação da dor intra-operatória, 73,8% dos pacientes deram notas igual ou inferior a 3 numa escala de 0 a 10 e 95% afirmaram que se submeteriam novamente a tal procedimento sob anestesia local. CONCLUSÕES: O tratamento cirúrgico das hérnias inguinais sob anestesia local em ambulatório, é procedimento seguro e bem aceito pela maioria dos pacientes quando realizado de forma padronizada.