PURPOSE. Conduct a detailed analysis of existing wind turbines. Analyze the role, place and features of the functioning of wind power plants. Provide various options for generators and schemes for converting wind energy into electricity. Provide recommendations for improving the reliability of wind turbines in smart grids.METHODS. The article was prepared using analytical methods, statistical, theoretical, factorial and technical methods.RESULTS. A fixed speed asynchronous generator used in a wind power conversion system (WECS) without a power converter interface draws a significant portion of the reactive power from the grid. This configuration features simple, reliable operation. Wind turbine asynchronous generator with dual power supply. can improve overall power conversion efficiency by performing maximum power point tracking (MPPT), and an increase in speed of about 30% can improve dynamic performance and increase resilience to system disturbances that are not available for turbine types 1 and 2. The use of full-scale 100% power converters will significantly increase the productivity of SPEV wind energy conversion systems, but will slightly increase the cost of the power converter, up to 7% - 12% of the total equipment cost. By using a large number of pole pairs for all types of permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMG), the turbine gearbox can be removed. This type of wind energy conversion system is more resilient to grid disruptions compared to type 1, 2 and 3 wind systems. The review shows that types 3 and 4 technologies are used to most efficiently sell and recycle wind turbines in electricity markets.CONCLUSION. The article analyzes the features of the functioning of wind power plants operating on the grid. Various options for generators and schemes for converting wind energy into electricity are presented. A detailed analysis of existing wind turbines is provided. Recommendations are given for improving the reliability and efficiency of wind power plants in smart grids.
The article substantiates the possibility of using frequency drives in agricultural production, shows promising areas of their application, shows the positive qualities of frequency drives, which make it possible to confidently compete with gear drives that are widespread in agriculture. It is indicated that the use of a frequency electric drive can reduce the current and mechanical loads due to soft start. Due to the additional control inputs of the frequency converter, it is possible to synchronize the processes on the load or set the change factors for some values depending on others. For example, to establish the dependence of the speed of the irrigation pumping system on the pressure in the system. The process will be optimized because as the load on the pump increases, the flow will increase. Recommendations are given on the choice of the power of the frequency converter, taking into account the rated currents and voltage of the converter and the motor. Recommendations are given on the choice of the power of the frequency converter, taking into account the rated currents and voltage of the converter and the motor. The advantages of starting and braking electric drives with frequency regulation are shown.
The paper describes special aspects of using the wind power plants (wind turbines) in the power grid. The paper provides the classification and schematic presentation of AC wind turbines, analyzes the role, place and performance of wind power plants in Smart Grid systems with a large share of renewable energy sources. The authors also reviews a detailed analysis of existing AC wind turbines in this paper. Recommendations are given for how to enhance the wind power plants in smart grids in terms of reliability, and introduce the hardware used in the generation, conversion and interface systems into the existing power grid. After the wind power plants had been put online, the relevance of the Smart Grid concept for existing power grids was obvious. The execution of such projects is assumed to be financially costly, requires careful study, and development of flexible algorithms, but in some cases this may be the only approach. The analysis of using wind turbines shows that the structural configuration of wind power plants can be based on the principles known in the power engineering. The approaches may differ, not fundamentally, but in engineering considerations. it is necessary to point out that the method of controlling dual-power machines is quite comprehensive so that their wide use will face operational problems caused by the lack of highly professional specialists in electric drives. Therefore, it seems advisable to use square-cage asynchronous generators in wide applications. The paper shows that as the renewable energy sources are largely used in power grids, there is an issue of maintaining the power generation at a required level considering the variability of incoming wind energy. This results in the malfunctions in the operation of relay protection devices and emergency control automatics (RP and ECA), and the complicated control. Also, the standards of the CIS countries and regulatory documents miss the requirements for the wind turbine protections, taking into account their specialty causing the inefficient standard protective logic, which does not work correctly in a number of abnormal and emergency operating modes, and especially Smart Grid in power grids.
A wind generator system requires a power conversion circuit called a power converter that is capable of regulating the generator frequency and line voltage. Several types of converter topologies have been developed over the past decades; each of them has its own advantages and disadvantages. Currently, there are mainly two converter topologies used in industrial wind turbines. Most of the proposed converters require line filters and transformers to improve the power quality and raise the voltage level accordingly. These heavy and bulky components add significantly to tower construction, turbine installation and maintenance costs. Recent advances in power semiconductors and magnetic materials have led to the development of new converter designs that could be a possible solution to reduce the size, weight and cost of power converters. This article provides an in-depth study of energy converter technology, ongoing research and development.
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