Apathy is common following a cerebrovascular event. Presence of apathy may be related to older age and right fronto-subcortical pathway pathology, rather than stroke severity. It is associated with functional impairment and cognitive deficits.

Apathy increases with age in otherwise healthy community-dwelling individuals, particularly in men.

From 1969 to 1983 a total of 1918 patients with colorectal cancer were treated by curative resection. One hundred twenty one patients in this group had multivisceral organ involvement, necessitating extended multivisceral radical resection. Tumor infiltration was proven histologically in 55 percent, while 45 percent had inflammatory adherence to the attached organ only. Postoperative mortality was 12 percent. Dukes' A and B stages were present in 57 percent. The five-year survival rate (postoperative mortality included) was 54 percent for patients with inflammatory adherence, 49 percent for patients with tumor infiltration resected en bloc without tumor tears of rupture, and 17 percent when the surgeon inadvertently had torn or cut into tumor tissue during resection.

While post-stroke dementia has been extensively investigated, the large number of patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) following stroke has received less attention, and reports on the longitudinal course of such impairment are inconsistent in their findings. We examined patients with MCI (n = 45) or no cognitive impairment (NCI) (n = 59), based on consensus criteria following detailed neuropsychological assessments and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, and compared them with healthy control subjects (n = 84), all of whom were assessed at two time points, 3 years apart. The MCI at baseline in this group was judged to be vascular in etiology (vaMCI). Incident dementia was diagnosed in 24.4% of vaMCI and 8.5% of NCI subjects and no control subjects over 3 years, giving a rate of conversion of approximately 8% per year in post-stroke vaMCI. The vaMCI group showed greater decline in logical memory than the NCI group. Within the vaMCI group, those who developed dementia had great decline in language and executive function. Compared with NCI patients, those with vaMCI had more vascular risk factors and more white matter hyperintensities on MRI at baseline, but did not differ in their brain or hippocampal volumes. Neither MRI volumetric measures nor interval cerebrovascular events predicted decline in function. The major determinant of decline and categorical transition was impaired performance at baseline, suggesting that those with mild impairment post-stroke are more vulnerable to subsequent decline.