This paper considers and analyzes the results of examining samples for cadmium content by determining them on a Kvant-2AT atomic absorption spectrometer, taking into account the use of the PLP-01M microwave laboratory system and during sample preparation in accordance with GOST 26929 “Raw materials and food products. Sample preparation. Mineralization to determine the content of toxic elements”. The PLP-01M microwave laboratory system uses a fundamentally new method of sample preparation. The decomposition was carried out in a closed system - sealed fluoroplastic vessels under the influence of high temperature, pressure and microwave field. The microwave field in the working chamber of the furnace was created by a special generator-magnetron. Based on the results of the assessment of the operational control of the measurement procedure using samples for cadmium control during the implementation of the PLP-01M microwave laboratory system in the laboratory, the analysis procedure was recognized as satisfactory.
Vegetable proteins have become widespread in sausage production due to the need to lower its cost. Lentil is a promising vegetable protein. The study focuses on changes in the functional and technological, and physicochemical parameters of model sausage meat for the production of summer sausage. The dynamics of the growth of starter cultures for the model sausage meat with partial substitution of raw meat was found positive. The moisture-binding and water-holding capacity reduces, and this speeds up the rate of sausage drying.
The article assumes that formulas for multicomponent beverages based on dairy and vegetable raw materials were developed according to the principles of food combinatorics using methods of mathematical and computer modeling. The whey was used as a basis, plant materials were spinach and pumpkin, and chia seeds were used as a source of unsaturated fatty acids. Mathematical planning was used to form criterion equations for beverages characterizing the maximum content of essential nutrients. The formulas for beverages “Spinach” and “Pumpkin” were obtained; the content of the main nutrients is 18.889 g and 17.664 g, respectively. The analysis of the chemical composition showed that the ratio of proteins, fats and carbohydrates is 1: 1.45: 3.03 for “Pumpkin” and 1: 1.34: 2.57 for “Spinach”. The storage terms of the developed beverages were determined taking into account changes in organoleptic and microbiological indicators. The optimal storage terms based on organoleptic changes suggests that the developed beverages will be competitive. The study of changes in the microbiota of ready-made beverages during four hours at a temperature of 4 ± 20C in a sealed glass container showed that the beverages meet the current regulatory requirements for the presence of opportunistic microorganisms. The developed integrated approach to the production of multicomponent beverages can be used by any market operator in the production of not only beverages, but also various food products.
Fruit and berry sauces are an important and valuable component of nutrition due to sugars, organic acids and biologically active substances. Sauce recipe development should include methods of pre-processing of berries to provide the highest yield of puree while preserving the valuable components of fresh berries. The study focuses on effective methods for processing cornel berries to obtain the maximum yield of puree with high physical and chemical properties. It is shown that the yield of puree can be increased through maximum disruption of the cell cytoplasmic membrane before pulping raw materials that can be attained by blanching (short-term action of steam or hot water for 5–15 minutes), freezing, and microwave treatment. Fresh, ripe, pure, odorless, and mold-free cornel berries of the same pomological variety were taken to conduct the study. The berries pre-sorted and prepared were subjected to freezing, steam and hot water blanching, and microwave treatment at three power modes of the microwave oven. The processed mass of cornel berries was pulped to determine the content of solids, vitamin C, and pH value. It was found that the highest yield of puree (77.5%) from cornel berries is attained through microwave treatment at 350 W. Freezing and steam blanching provide the puree yield of 71.5 and 69.3%, respectively. However, freezing of berry raw materials is accompanied by losses during defrosting. Hot water blanching reduces the amount of soluble solids, which is confirmed by the values of physical and chemical properties of cornel puree.
Currently, enrichment of dairy products with products of plant origin is becoming increasingly relevant. This technique allows us to improve the composition and ensure the functionality of the products. In this regard, we explored the use of flax in soft cheeses. For this, flax was used in the form of flour and seeds. The expediency of cheese enrichment with flax seeds has been established, since during grinding, the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids that imparts product functionality is reduced. At the next stage, the rationale for the use of flaxseeds was carried out, the method of processing them in the application phase, the organoleptic and physico-chemical parameters of the finished product were determined, the technology of soft cheese with flax seeds was developed. The innovative component of the new product was the use of bifidobacteria in the yeast, which give probiotic properties to soft cheese. Technological features of the production allowed to reduce the consumption of raw materials, increase product yield and reduce production time. In addition, the calculation of economic indicators shows the profitability of the production of this product. In the future, it is planned to expand the range of soft functional cheeses without ripening using fenugreek.
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