RESUMO -A determinação da habilidade competitiva de cultivares de cevada com plantas daninhas torna-se relevante para a adoção do método de manejo cultural; desse modo, podemse diminuir os custos de produção, bem como os impactos ambientais causados por outros métodos de manejo, como o químico. Este trabalho comparou as habilidades competitivas relativas de três cultivares de cevada e um biótipo de azevém. Foram realizados experimentos em casa de vegetação na estação de crescimento 2008/09, utilizando-se delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em série de substituição e constituíram-se de cinco proporções de plantas de cevada e do azevém competidor com a cultura: 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 e 0:100. A cevada foi representada pelos cultivares BRS Greta, BRS Elis e BRS 225, e o competidor, pelo azevém. A análise da competitividade foi efetuada por meio de diagramas aplicados a experimentos substitutivos, mais uso de índices de competitividade relativa. As variáveis estudadas foram: afilhamento, estatura, área foliar e massa da matéria seca da parte aérea das plantas. O azevém afetou o afilhamento, a área foliar e a massa da matéria seca da parte aérea de plantas dos cultivares de cevada BRS Greta, BRS Elis e BRS 225, demonstrando grande habilidade competitiva com a cultura pelos recursos disponíveis no meio. Entre os cultivares de cevada avaliados, BRS Elis foi o mais competitivo na presença do azevém, que é uma das espécies daninhas que necessitam de controle mesmo quando presente em baixas proporções na cultura da cevada.Palavras-chave: cereais de inverno, Hordeum vulgare, Lolium multiflorum, características morfofisiológicas.ABSTRACT -Characterization of the competitive ability of barley varieties against weed species is relevant for the adoption of the cultural method of weed control; thus, it is possible to reduce both the production costs and environmental impacts caused by other management methods, including the use of chemicals. This work assessed the competitive ability of barley varieties against ryegrass. Trials were installed under greenhouse conditions at the 2008/2009 cropping season, in a completely randomized block design, with four replications. Treatments were arranged in a substitution series design constituted by five proportions of plants of both species: 100:0; 75:25; 50:50; 25:75; and 0:100. Barley varieties BRS Greta, BRS Elis and BRS 225 were tested against ryegrass as the competitor. The competitive analysis was carried out through diagrams applied to the substitutive design, plus determination of relative competitiveness indexes. Plant height, tillering, leaf area and shoot dry mass were evaluated. The presence of ryegrass reduced tillering, leaf area and dry mass accumulation for all varieties of barley tested, showing to be an aggressive competitor. Among the barley varieties tested, BRS Elis showed the highest competitive ability against ryegrass. Ryegrass requires the adoption of control techniques even when present at l...
RESUMO -Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar os efeitos de ametryn e trifloxysulfuronsodium, em aplicações isoladas ou em mistura, sobre as características associadas à eficiência do uso da água em genótipos de cana-de-açúcar. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em parcelas subdivididas. As parcelas foram compostas pelos herbicidas ametryn e trifloxysulfuron-sodium e pela mistura formulada de ametryn + trifloxysulfuron-sodium, aplicados aos 65 dias após o plantio, além de uma testemunha sem presença de plantas daninhas; e as subparcelas, pelos genótipos RB72454, RB835486, RB855113, RB867515, RB947520 e SP80-1816. Decorridos 15 dias da aplicação dos herbicidas, foram realizadas as avaliações de condutância estomática de vapores de água (Gs), gradiente entre temperatura da folha e do ar (∆T) e taxa de transpiração (E), sendo calculada ainda a eficiência do uso da água (WUE). Foi determinada também a matéria seca da parte aérea das plantas. O genótipo RB855113 foi o que apresentou maiores danos à eficiência do uso da água e transpiração, sendo, por isso, considerado o mais sensível aos herbicidas ametryn e trifloxysulfuron-sodium, enquanto os genótipos SP80-1816 e RB867515 estiveram entre os mais tolerantes. Condutância estomática, temperatura da folha, transpiração e eficiência de uso da água são características eficientes para identificar danos de herbicidas a plantas cultivadas, principalmente aqueles com efeito sobre a taxa fotossintética. Os genótipos de cana-de-açúcar avaliados diferiram quanto à sensibilidade aos herbicidas aplicados; as variedades SP80-1816 e RB867515 destacaram-se como as menos afetadas pelo ametryn e trifloxysulfuron-sodium, isolados ou em mistura, enquanto RB855113 foi a mais sensível.Palavras-chave: Saccharum spp., uso eficiente da água, mistura herbicida, cultivares de cana-de-açúcar.ABSTRACT -The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the herbicides ametryn and trifloxysulfuron-sodium, applied alone or in mixture, on the characteristics associated to water use efficiency in sugarcane varieties under field conditions. The trial was installed in a completely randomized block design with split-plots and four replications. Plots were composed by the herbicides ametryn, trifloxysulfuron-sodium or a commercial mixture of ametryn + trifloxysulfuron-sodium, applied 65 days after planting, plus a control mechanically free of weed infestation; split-plots were composed by sugarcane varieties (RB72454, RB835486, RB855113, RB867515, RB947520 and SP80-1816). Fifteen days after herbicide application, stomatal conductance (Gs), temperature gradient between leaf and air (DT) and transpiration rate (E) were evaluated, and water use efficiency (WUE) was obtained as a function of photosynthesis and transpiration rates. Plant shoots were also collected for dry matter determination. Variety RB855113 presented the greatest damage to water use efficiency and transpiration and was thus considered the most sensitive to ametryn and trifloxysulfuron, ...
RESUMO -Avaliaram-se, neste trabalho, os efeitos do glyphosate sobre os teores foliares de nutrientes em três cultivares de café (Coffea arabica). Utilizou-se o esquema fatorial (3 x 5) em delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, sendo os tratamentos compostos por três cultivares de café: Catucaí Amarelo (2 SL), Oeiras (MG-6851) e Topázio (MG-1190); e cinco doses de glyphosate (0; 57,6; 115,2; 230,4; e 460,8 g ha -1 ). Aos 45 e 120 DAA, coletaram-se folhas (terceiro par) de ramos plagiotrópicos, contidos na parte mediana das plantas. Os sintomas de intoxicação foram caracterizados por clorose e estreitamento do limbo foliar para os três cultivares de café. Houve redução nos teores foliares de N, P, K, Cu e Zn aos 45 DAA e de N, K, Mn e Zn aos 120 DAA nas plantas de café tratadas com glyphosate, independentemente do cultivar utilizado. O cultivar Topázio apresentou as maiores reduções nos teores foliares de Fe e Mn, aos 45 DAA, e de P e Fe, aos 120 DAA.Palavras-chave: herbicida, Coffea arabica, nutrição, EPSPs.ABSTRACT -The effects of glyphosate on the foliar levels of nutrients in three coffee cultivars (Coffea arabica) were evaluated in this work. A factorial (3 x 5) was used in a randomized block design with four replications, with treatments consisting of three coffee varieties: Catucaí Amarelo (2 SL), Oeiras (MG-6851) and Topázio (MG-1190) and five glyphosate doses (0, 57.6, 115.2, 230.4 and 460.8 g ha-1). At 45 and 120 DAA, leaves (third pair) from plagiotrophic branches were collected from the medium part of the plants. Glyphosate intoxication symptoms were characterized by chlorosis and leaf narrowing for the three coffee varieties. There was a reduction in foliar levels of N, P, K, Cu and Zn at 45 DAA, and N, K, Mn and Zn at 120 DAA, in coffee plants treated with glyphosate, regardless of the cultivar used. Cultivar Topázio showed the greatest reductions in the foliar levels of Fe and Mn, at 45 DAA and P and Fe, at 120 DAA, when treated with glyphosate.
The objective of this study was to evaluate glyphosate translocation in glyphosate-tolerant weed species (I. nil, T. procumbens and S. latifolia) compared to glyphosate-susceptible species (B. pilosa). The evaluations of 14C-glyphosate absorption and translocation were performed at 6, 12, 36 and 72 hours after treatment (HAT) in I. nil and B. pilosa, and only at 72 HAT in the species T. procumbens and S. latifolia. The plants were collected and fractionated into application leaf, other leaves, stems, and roots. In S. latifolia, approximately 88% of the glyphosate remained in the application leaf and a small amount was translocated to roots at 72 HAT. However, 75% of the herbicide applied on T. procumbens remained in the leaf that had received the treatment, with greater glyphosate translocation to the floral bud. It was concluded that the smaller amount of glyphosate observed in S. latifolia and T. procumbens may partly account for their higher tolerance to glyphosate. However, I. nil tolerance to glyphosate may be associated with other factors such as metabolization, root exudation or compartmentalization, because a large amount of the herbicide reached the roots of this species.
The objective of this work was to evaluate characteristics associated with the photosynthetic activity of cassava plants in competition with weeds or not. The trial was performed on open environment conditions, with experimental units consisting of fiber glass vases with 150 dm³ filled with Red Yellow Latosol, previously fertilized. Treatments consisted in the cultivation of cassava plants isolated and associated to three weed species (Bidens pilosa, Commelina benghalensis and Brachiaria plantaginea). After cassava shooting, 15 days after planting, a removal of the weeds excess was performed, sown at the time of cassava planting, leaving six plants m-2 of B. pilosa and four plants m-2 of C. benghalensis and B. plantaginea. At 60 days after emergence (DAE), stomatal conductance (Gs), vapor pressure in the substomatal cavity (Ean), temperature gradient between leaf and air (ΔT), transpiration rate (E) and water use efficiency (WUE) were evaluated. B. pilosa showed greater capacity to affect growth of cassava plants. B. plantaginea is very efficient in using water, especially by presenting C4 metabolism, and remains competitive with cassava even under temporarily low water status. C. benghalensis, in turn, is not a good competitor for light and apparently is not the primary cause of water depletion in the soil. The effects of weeds, in this case, were more associated with the competition. However, they were found between moderate to low. This implies that the competition established at experimental level was low.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.