The changes in capacitance and conductance of lipid bilayer membranes have been studied with adsorbed membrane fragments containing Na + ,K + ATPase. These changes have been initiated by fast release of protons from a bound form ("caged H + ") induced by an UV flash. The changes of the capacitance in the presence of Na + ,K + ATPase were affected by the frequency of the applied voltage, pH and the concentration of sodium ions. Addition of sodium ions altered the changes of capacitance caused by a pH jump in the medium due to caged H + photolysis, and the magnitude and sign of this effect depended on the initial pH. These results are explained by competitive binding of sodium ions and protons to the ion binding sites of the Na + ,K + ATPase at its cytoplasmic side. The pH at which the sign of the sodium ion effect changed allows the evaluation of the pK of the proton binding site, which is about 7.6.
The study was aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of liposomal, micellar, and water-soluble drug forms of diminazene for its localization in cells and selective accumulation at the sites of aggregation of pathogenic organisms. Pharmacological and dynamic properties of a new injection micellar diminazene preparation were experimentally determined. These properties were compared with the same parameters obtained for the water-soluble and liposomal diminazene aceturate drug forms. The drug forms studied may be arranged in the following order of decreasing effectiveness of accumulation of diminazene in red and white blood cells and in murine organs: liposome form, micellar form, and water-soluble form.
A method of electrophysical chromatography was proposed to visualize the results of electrical non-destructive testing for the first time. Surface potentiograms usually used to represent the results of scanning contact potentiometry are replaced by volumetric images of structural inhomogeneities. The alternative has obvious advantages as useful additional information can drastically change the results of testing which is demonstrated by the example of a weld overlay. Methodological recommendations for constructing volumetric images of defects are formulated and implemented. The causes of self-shielding of structural inhomogeneities at different levels of fixation which are due to the mutual spatial overlap of microregions emitting waves of elastic stresses are discussed. The biggest problems in identifying defects for NDT are their complete or partial screening. The electrophysical chromatography method requires at least one experimental array obtained from the following measurements: double scanning of the surfaces of the test object; double simultaneous scanning of the surfaces of the test object; double simultaneous scanning of the surfaces of the test object using a radiation synchronizer in time or frequency. In the case of scanning along one (external or internal) surface, the coordinates of defects are determined from the corresponding cross sections and the calculated values of their depth using frequency and time-frequency analysis
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