The article analyzes the process of electric arc welding. We identified the main types and causes of defects in welded joints and analyzed their main non-destructive testing methods. We show the advantages and disadvantages of each method. The method of ultrasonic control is considered in sufficient detail. We show the advantages of ultrasonic testing of welded joints with a flaw detector with antenna arrays on a practical example. The advantages of this method make it widely used to control the quality of welded seams. We considered peculiarities of application of the “USD-soft” PC program, which allows one to automate the control of welded seams. We found out that it is most effective to carry out automated ultrasonic testing in combination with other types of testing. Automated control, which makes it possible to quickly process the information received at the object of research, allows one to save time and immediately start repair work at the object.
The process of development a transport (parametric) standby for cities and other settlements heat supply systems in cases of increasing pipeline diameters with constant network configuration is studied. The formation of a standby can ensure uninterrupted and safe operation of heat supply systems. Safe operation is supposed to be ensured through analysis and prevention of possible emergency situations. The development of the transport standby mathematical models is based on the energy equivalence of subscriber subsystems of heat supply systems, which distinguishes the obtained mathematical models from existing analogues. To evaluate the impact of parametric optimization results on economic indicators, a computational experiment was conducted. As an object of study, the design scheme of a residential neighborhood was considered. An analysis of the computational experiment results proved the efficiency of the obtained transport standby mathematical models for running heat supply systems. It is possible to provide transport standby for systems of any sizes and configurations or for the studied fragments of these systems. For practical use, it is of interest to calculate the parametric standby of individual houses with autonomous boiler rooms.
The paper considers the process of examining the load-bearing structures of technological overpasses of an old production enterprise. The scope of work performed during the survey is given. The characteristics of each overpass are given. The main defects and damages of overpasses are given with an indication of their causes. All defects are listed for each overpass. A recommendation was made to eliminate defects and damages. The purpose of the inspection process was to determine the technical state of the operating technological racks of an industrial enterprise to ensure their further safe operation, taking into account the loads from additional technological pipelines.
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