In the event of the destruction or explosion of tanks with oil products, basic schemes for the distribution of pollutants have been developed in the area of a technical stop of a train at a distance of up to 1000 meters in all directions, taking into account all structures located in the study area. On the basis of an analytical assessment of the consequences of an emergency, it was shown that in the event of the destruction or explosion of railway tanks with oil products, from 90 to 95 % of economic and public facilities will be located in the zone of exceeding the MPC by 2-300 times. The limits for exceeding the permissible concentrations of polluting components in the parking area and flushing of tanks intended for the transit of oil and oil products have been established. The greatest excess will be at a distance of 300 meters from the tank car parking, where, for all priority polluting components, it is possible to exceed the MPC by 300 times. For a distance from the source of emissions more than 1000 meters in each direction of light, the calculation of the maximum permissible concentration of polluting components was performed.
The article studies the waste generated during the operation of the heat and power plant, an energy facility. The analysis of atmospheric pollution by emissions of the Voronezh HPP-1, which uses coal as the main fuel, was carried out. A comparison is made with a thermal power plant using gas as a fuel source. The maximum allowable emission standards for pollutants generated during the use of coal were established and the excess of the MPC value by various types of emissions was shown: dioxide and nitric oxide; fuel oil and NO2+SO2 ash; sulfurous anhydride and carbon monoxide; soot and coal ash. The size of the Sanitary Protection Zone of HPP-1 was determined. Measures aimed at reducing the negative environmental impact of energy facilities such as combined heat and power plants are proposed.
This research falls in the field of machine-building, construction and woodworking, concerns sound suppression panels for cabins, enclosures, soundproofing acoustic shields, temporary room partitions, etc., and solves the problem of making sound suppression panels easy for installation and dismantling, as well as transportable and storable, without reduction in noise suppression effectiveness. For thispurpose, pads connected with two parallel sheets are placed between them. The pads form a layer which cross section is a chain of rhombuses, and the parallel sheets have curvature lineson the level of the rhombuses connection. The portable lightweight sound suppression panel (SSP)with a diamond-shaped structure is made of organic and polymer materials, such as pulp-and-paper materials, fabrics and polymer films which can significantly reduce the structure weight.
We carried out an environmental audit on the territory of a specialized facility of all sources of environmental pollution and, accordingly, we measured the concentration of polluting components embodied in the atmospheric background. As a result of the inventory of emission sources, we recorded the following picture for the total emissions of pollutants into the air zone of the facility: 1.647832 t/year, including 1.597435 t/year in the liquid and gaseous state, and 0.050397 t/year in the solid state. We present the calculation of pollution from generators of emissions of the air zone of the facility, which is recorded on the basis of the Unified Atmospheric Pollution Calculation Program (UAPCP) “Ecolog” (version 3.0). According to the feasibility study, the dispersion calculation was recognized as socially effective for site 2 (hangar) - for NO2, NO, kerosene, CO, SO2, and abrasive dust. We calculated the surface concentrations of harmful substances in the atmosphere and constructed dispersion maps for the object for the winter period. The implemented research showed that the accumulation of contaminants does not reach the standard values of concentrations at key points suitable for determination at the boundary of the sanitary protection zone and the residential area. The dispersion calculation indicators showed that the predominant fraction of all diffusing contaminants for the hangar in the sanitary protection zone is NO2 0.82 parts of the maximum permissible concentration with and without background 0.697, and in the residential area, 0.11 parts of MPC without background.
The assessment of the protected evacuation of the population from the fire zone at social facilities in the service sector on the basis of numerical modeling methods has been carried out. The time of safe evacuation of people from the object on the basis of a basic mathematical model for monitoring fire hazards for a specific social object has been regulated. Correlations between the degree of heat and the fire duration have been recorded. Partial concentration of O2, CO2, CO, HCl, measures of smoke aerosol opacity from the fire duration using “Fogard” software package configured for simplified analytical model of human flow have been captured. On the basis of the developed mathematical model of fire development design solutions that provide a secure evacuation of the population from the object have been proposed. The calculation of the blockade duration of routes and passageways for sending people out of the fire zone was made using deterministic fire indicators has been performed.
In the process of developing a mineral deposit into the open pit atmosphere, dust and toxic gases are emitted from a number of sources. The intensity of such emissions depends on the properties and condition of the rock, weather conditions, engineering and development technology, the effectiveness of the application of methods for suppressing dust and harmful gases. In this regard, dust and gas contamination in the workplace can vary widely and have a negative impact on humans and the environment. The aim of the work is to analyze the processes of dust formation during blasting operations at the quarry of the mining and integrated works (for example, OAO Mikhailovsky in the city of Zheleznogorsk, Kursk Region). During mass explosions at the quarry of the mining and integrated works, the sources of dust and gas emissions were investigated, and a qualitative and quantitative assessment of their components was given.
Technological processes are considered at the objects of heat power engineering - combined heat and power plants. The principle of operation of heat power facilities is considered on the example of the Voronezh TPP-1. The equipment is considered, with the help of the rational use of which the required level of ecological safety of the technogenic object can be achieved. Taking into account the peculiarities of the processes carried out at Voronezh TPP-1, the most effective set of engineering, technical and environmental measures aimed at reducing the technogenic impact of the TPP on the city’s atmosphere is proposed. In developing recommendations on the use of effective environmental measures at the CGP, the works were considered.
The problems of ensuring safety in the process of fulfilling technical regulations on railway transport at the stop points of tanks with oil products are stated. A basic list of polluting components discharged into the air at the parking of railway tank cars is presented, while priority pollutants are identified. The components that determine the pollution of the railway parking area have been regulated, and the gross emissions have been quantitatively established. The practical implementation of the protection of the air environment of the city of Voronezh is proposed, which implies the removal of stopping points of railway rolling stock, realizing the transit of oil and oil products, outside the residential zone of an industrial city with a million population. This applies to the points of technical stopping of railway tank cars with oil products, both short-term and long-term deployment. It is shown that the inspection and control of specific tank washing points is coordinated by the safety data sheet of the facility itself, which should be included in the category of potentially hazardous facilities.
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