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This study investigated the effects of storage conditions on the physicochemical parameter, microbial loads and health risks assessment of randomly 30 selected sachet and bottle water brands (A, B and C) in Ilorin Metropolis. Random sampling procedures were used to collect samples from three different brands and subjected to three different storage conditions; immediately (initial), mild sunlight and intense sunlight condition. The heavy metals (Cr, Pb and Fe) investigated in this study were above the permissible limits (WHO, SON). The presence of TBC, TCC, FCC and TFC in all the water samples analyzed showed no effective quality control system. Incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) assessment revealed a carcinogenic health risk to the populace drinking this water. It can be deduced from this study that water stored under sunlight for a long period of time is not good for human consumption and therefore adequate monitoring by the appropriate agencies are emphasized.

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The measurement of streamflow is very critical to hydraulic engineers and hydrologists as it provides vital information for environmental monitoring issues connected to water resources. The objective of this study is to examine various means of measuring streamflow specifically application of hydraulic structures installed across the direction of flow. Weirs are restricted to small rivers where the provision for sufficient head and constriction in the river is acceptable. Sharpcrested weir is easy to construct, and it is commonly used as a flow measuring device in an open channel. Flumes are self-cleaning due to the fact that the flow velocity through a flume is usually high. Traditionally, flume is used in measuring flow in agricultural systems, and it requires low maintenance cost. It has capacity to measure more flow rates than weir. Accurate streamflow measurement using flume is within AE2-5% while that of weir is AE2%. Generally, flumes are employed to determine discharge where weirs are not useful.