Phage T4 infection of Eschericlriu co/i was studied by thin-section and freeze-fracture electron microscopy. It was found that phage T4 induces the formation of a bridge between the outer and inner membranes of E. co/i. A membrane fusion during the infection is suggested.
Structural changes in the envelope of Escherichia coli cells accompanying their lysis from without by bacteriophage T4 have been studied. The hypothesis concerning the role of collapse of membrane potential and formation of periplasmic vesicles in the process of lysis from without has been advanced.
We study the homology groups of semicubical sets with coefficients in the homological systems of abelian groups. The main theorem states that the groups under consideration are isomorphic to the homology groups of the category of singular cubes. This yields an isomorphism criterion for the homology groups of semicubical sets, the spectral sequence of a locally directed covering, and the spectral sequence of a morphism of semicubical sets.
This paper presents some further evidence for our model of DNA translocation into Escherichia coli cells by bacteriophage T4 (see Tarahovsky, Y. S., Khusainov, A. A., Deev, A. A., Kim, Y. V. 1991. FEBS Lett. 289:18-22). When lowering the temperature, we succeeded in slowing down the infection process and in observing a few separate stages by electron microscopy. Also, potassium leakage at different temperatures was measured. At 0-6 degrees C the phage was found to be irreversibly adsorbed on the cell surface, its tail to be contracted, and the outer membrane to be invaginated. Membrane fusion and formation of broad intermembrane bridges with a hole for potassium leakage were shown to start above 7 degrees C. At about 17-20 degrees C the diameter of the bridge decreased considerably, which could correspond to the sealing of the membrane.
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