There are numerous measurement problems concerned with monitoring the parameters of capillaries, optical fibers, and hollow insulating tubes for lasers and for electronic and gas-discharge devices, i.e., cylindrical objects large in diameter by comparison with irradiating wavelength, and these cannot be handled by diffraction methods. The latter require far-zone conditions, which can be implemented only wlth complicated collimators, which substantially complicate the instruments and introduce large errors [I].
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