SynopsisThe lignin separated from the spent liquor of soda pulping of rice straw can replace a part of phenol in the condensation reaction with formaldehyde in a basic medium to form phenol lignin-formaldehyde ( P L F ) resol resin. The production of phenol lignin-formaldehyde resol resin was carried out in two stages: First was the formation of the adduct (lignin phenol) using different lignin percentages; second was the condensation of the adduct with formaldehyde. Reaction variables, i.e., molar ratio of formaldehyde to phenol lignin, polymerization time, amount of sodium hydroxide as a catalyst, and polymerization temperature in the polymerization step were studied. Solubility of the produced resol resin ~ different solvents, its viscosity, and yield were determined. Lignin could replace up to 40% of phenol in the produced resin. Infrared spectra of the prepared resin were determined. Structural similarity of phenol-formaldehyde to phenol lignin-formaldehyde resin was shown. Also, relative absorbance of characteristic bands of the resins were calculated and claimed too much on the effect of reaction parameters on the prepared resins.
der Harze bestimmt. Lignin kann bis zu 25% des Phenols ersetzen, ohne die physikalischen Eigenschaften der erhaltenen Phenol-Lignin-Formaldehyd-Harze zu beeinflussen.Die IR-Spektren zeigten eine strukturelle hnlichkeit von Phenol-Formaldehydund Phenol-Lignin-Formaldehyd-Harzen.
Cotton linters and viscose grade wood pulp were partially acetylated and carboxymethylated. The samples were grafted under the same conditions with acrylamide. Grafting yield and efficiency depend on several factors, as the kind of pulp, chemical and physical structure, type of the introduced substituent, and degree of substitution.
Pfropfung yon Acrylamid auf partiell acetylierte und carboqmethylierte CelluloseBaumwoll-Linters und Viskose-Zellstoff wurden partiell acetyliert beziehungsweise carboxymethyliert. Die Proben wurden unter gleichen Bedingungen mit Acrylamid gepfropft. Pfropfgrad und -ausbeute hangen von verschiedenen Faktoren ab, wie Art des Zellstoffs, chemische und physikalische Struktur, Art des eingefuhrten Substituenten und Substitutionsgrad.
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NADA, IBRAHEM et al. : Improvement of paper properties by impregnation in cellulose derivative solution. 2 L w 4 h 3 0.08-9 0.07 w u) 0 c 0.06 G 5 g 0.05 3 9 Z 0.04 2 -Q Acta Polymerica 34 (1983) Heft 3Paper sheets prepared from bleached bagasse and paper grade wood pulp were impregnated in a carboxymethyl cellulose solution. After drying the prepared samples were cured a t 100°C or 140°C. The measured improvement of the mechanical properties of the treated samples depends on time and concentration of the dipping bath and on the curing conditions.
Die Verbesserung der Eigenschaften von Papier durch Impragnierung mit Cellulosederivaten. 2. Carboxymethylcellulose-Losungenh u s gebleichtem Bagassezellstoff und Holzzellstoff hergestellte Papierblatter wurden in einer Carboxymethylcellulose-Losung impragniert. Nach dem Trocknen wurden die Proben bei 100 bzw. 140°C gehartet. Die gemessenen Verbesserungen der mechanischen Eigenschaften der so behandelten Proben hangen von Zeit und Konzentration des Tauchbades und von den Hartungsbedingungen ab.
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