Problems of preservation and research of prehistoric cultural heritage objects in the Arctic are reviewed in the article. To determine the priority tasks in the field of preserving the heritage of this region, the most probable risks of physical loss and loss of quality of objects associated with natural and anthropogenic factors are analyzed. A special feature of the Arctic is its increased sensitivity to anthropogenic influence and climate change. Therefore, in the context of global warming, the risks of losing the cultural wealth of a region and a planet increase substantially. An important role in the preservation of heritage sites can be played by measures to ensure conservation status, involvement in tourism and recreation development projects. One of the aspects of the conservation problem is that the cultural heritage objects of the Arctic region are still poorly understood as a valuable resource of information about nature and society. New methods developed by the authors of the article allow us to consider prehistoric heritage sites as functional elements of the ancient life support system and the modern geocultural space. The use of these methods allows us to zone the territory with the allocation of sustainable areas, which have been performing environmental and informational social functions for thousands of years. It is on these sites that ancient heritage objects are located. Correctly holding the boundaries of prehistoric cultural heritage objects (in the natural boundaries of natural systems) allows us to save information about the functional relationships in the socio-natural system. The article shows that the application of the methodology and research methods developed by the authors of the article will significantly reduce the risks of losing cultural heritage in the Arctic and other regions
The article presents new tourism resources in the Arctic: stone structures, natural sculptures and objects of mixed natural and man-made origin. In the process of research of stone objects of the Arctic, the authors used standard geographical approaches and methods (adapted in physical and social geography), which ensure the identification of the relationship of stone objects with the landscape-geographical and socio-cultural environment, allow us to determine their rational functions in the geo-cultural sphere in the past and present. As a result of the research, the authors made a number of conclusions. Firstly, for the development of tourism in the Arctic region, large anthropomorphic, zoomorphic and objects of various geometric shapes that are very attractive for travelers should be included in organized routes. Many of them are available for observation as they stand out well in the landscape and are located on traditional and relevant to our time water-drag routes: on watersheds, along river valleys and seacoasts. Ancient legends and customs of the indigenous peoples of the North are often associated with such objects. Many of them are well oriented on the sides of the horizon, which allows you to use them as a sundial-calendar. Secondly, the rational use, conservation and expansion of tourism resources should be accompanied by the organization of integrated research on a geographical basis. Thirdly, solving the problem of genesis in ancient stone objects of the Arctic will make it possible to clarify modern models of geomorphological processes, reconstruction of the development of nature and culture, which will contribute to the successful development of the territory in the context of global warming.
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