No abstract

The interaction of natural killer (NK) and trophoblast cells underlies the formation of immune tolerance in the mother–fetus system and the maintenance of the physiological course of pregnancy. In addition, NK cells affect the function of trophoblast cells, interacting with them via the receptor apparatus and through the production of cytokines. Microvesicles (MVs) derived from NK cells are able to change the function of target cells. However, in the overall pattern of interactions between NK cells and trophoblasts, the possibility that both can transmit signals to each other via MVs has not been taken into account. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of NK cell-derived MVs on the phenotype, proliferation, and migration of trophoblast cells and their expression of intracellular messengers. We carried out assays for the detection of content transferred from MV to trophoblasts. We found that NK cell-derived MVs did not affect the expression of CD54, CD105, CD126, CD130, CD181, CD119, and CD120a receptors in trophoblast cells or lead to the appearance of CD45 and CD56 receptors in the trophoblast membrane. Further, the MVs reduced the proliferation but increased the migration of trophoblasts with no changes to their viability. Incubation of trophoblast cells in the presence of MVs resulted in the activation of STAT3 via pSTAT3(Ser727) but not via pSTAT3(Tyr705). The treatment of trophoblasts with MVs did not result in the phosphorylation of STAT1 and ERK1/2. The obtained data indicate that NK cell-derived MVs influence the function of trophoblast cells, which is accompanied by the activation of STAT3 signaling.

The purpose of the study is to assess the problems and prospects of a film cluster in the Kaliningrad Oblast of the Russian Federation.   The following scientific research methods are used: analysis of scientific publications (articles), collection of primary information (conferences, round tables, foresight sessions, expert interviews), analysis of the regulatory framework. Empirical research methods are also involved: measuring quantitative data, conducting a survey and comparative analysis. The article substantiates the reasons why the Kaliningrad Oblast has been and remains an attractive region for film-makers. The analysis of available opportunities in the field of film production, film education, cast and other things is carried out. All aspects of the film industry are considered, including film festivals, film pitching and more. The work of the film commission is analyzed, in particular the rebate system introduced in 2017. The effectiveness of this system is evaluated in the light of the changes that occurred in it in 2020.

The article consider the concepts of cluster and cultural cluster. The specifics of the cluster approach in film production are studied. The basic principles according to which film clusters exist are highlighted. The relationship between the state, companies that are directly involved in production, and companies that have direct and indirect influence at all stages of the creation of an audiovisual product. The work of regional film commissions, which are a guide between the state and film producers within the fixed territory, is considered. The models of regional cinema development in Russia are analysed. The analysis of the prerequisites for the creation of film clusters in the Russian regions is carried out. The key current problems in the regional cinema are identified. The main steps that regions need to take when developing a strategy for the comprehensive long-term development of regional film production are presented.

Abstract— We report two new analogs of the N871b fluorogen that contain CycloOctaTetraene. We have studied the photostability of fluorescent complexes of the FAST protein with new compounds by confocal microscopy when staining living HeLa Kyoto cells. One of the new analogs exhibits a higher photostability in the complex with FAST than the previously published N871b fluorogen. The results indicate that cyclooctatetraene is a highly promising compound for the modification of dyes based on arylidene imidazolones.