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We investigated the local modulation of some histochemical properties of oviducts of the dromedary (Camelus dromedarius), focusing on the immnolocalisation of hyaluronic acid (HA) synthases (HAS2 and HAS3), hyaluronidases (HYAL2 and HYAL1) and the HA receptor CD44 in the ampulla and isthmus. Abundant acidic mucopolysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans) were detected by Alcian blue staining along the luminal surface of both ciliated and non-ciliated epithelial cells (LE). Staining for HAS2 was higher in the primary epithelial folds of the ampulla compared with the isthmus, especially in secretory cells, adluminal epithelial surface and supranuclear cell domain. HAS3 staining was stronger in the LE of the isthmus than ampulla. HYAL2 was detected in the LE in the ampulla and isthmus and was more intense in the adluminal projections of secretory cells. HYAL1 was weakly detected in the LE with no difference between the ampulla and isthmus. Strong CD44 immunostaining was present in the LE of the ampulla and isthmus. CD44 staining was higher in secretory cells than in ciliated epithelial cells and was higher in the supranuclear region than the basal region of the cytoplasm. In conclusion, we provide evidence that HA synthesis and turnover occur in the camel oviduct. Differences in HAS2 and HAS3 expression suggest regional differences in the molecular size of HA secreted in oviductal fluid that may influence oviduct–gamete interaction in the camel.

Adenohypophysis of Nile Tilapia El-Sakhawy et al.

This work was carried out on the heads of sixteen apparently healthy adult domestic cats of various sexes. The available literatures dealing with the gross anatomy of the hyoid apparatus of various species of domestic animals were reviewed. The Manual dissection, dry bony specimens as well as histological examination were used according to the purpose under investigation. The study described the six segments forming the cat hyoid apparatus; Tympanohyoideum, Stylohyoideum, Epihyoideum, Ceratohyoideum, Basihyoideum and Thyrohyoideum. Elevenpairs of muscles where attached to the hyoid apparatus. The most enlarged of these muscles were those that retract the hyoid bone caudally, the sternohyoid muscle and rostrally, the geniohyoid muscle as well as those controlling the tongue movement, styloglossus and hyoglossus. The histological studies showed that the Tympanohyoideum and Ceratohyoideum were mostly hyaline cartilage, the Epihyoideum was partly hyaline and partly fibrous, the Stylohyoideum and Thyrohyoideum were partly hyaline and partly osseous while the Basihyoideum was completely ossified.The results obtained were photographed, described and discussed with those of other domestic animals.

The aim was to study the influence of albumin supplementation on the changes of the kidney function and structure in cirrhotic rats induced by common bile duct ligation (BDL). Twenty-four male albino rats weighing 200-250 g were divided into Group I: 6 rats underwent laparotomy alone, and the bile duct was only dissected from the surrounding tissue; Group II: 6 rats underwent a sham operation and received 2% albumin in their drinking water; Group III: 6 rats were subjected to bile duct ligation only; and Group IV: 6 rats were subjected to bile duct ligation and received a daily albumin 2% in drinking water. All rats were sacrificed after 4 weeks. We measured the liver and kidney functions and oxidative stress markers in the renal tissue and conducted a histological evaluation of the liver and kidney. The liver enzymes were decreased, but there was no significant difference in the bilirubin levels in group IV compared to group III. There was a significant elevation of serum creatinine in group III compared to group II, and serum creatinine was attenuated in group IV. The renal tissue catalase activity and reduced glutathione, as well as the nitric oxide levels, were significantly increased in group IV and were elevated in group III. Histologically, the livers of group IV showed degeneration and inflammatory cell infiltration with regeneration areas in which normal hepatocytes appeared. The kidneys of group IV showed recovery as well as areas of inflammatory cell infiltration. Some tubules appeared with normal epithelial lining. In conclusion, the results suggest that albumin partially improves the renal functions and structures after their disturbances as a result of BDL.

Histology of the Nile tilapia ovaries El-Saba et al.

In the present research, the histology of the testes of Nile tilapia were done on 56 males sexually mature Nile tilapia fish collected monthly from the River Nile at Giza over the period from September 2009 to August 2010. The testis of the Nile tilapia during the spring, summer and autumn seasons was surrounded by very thin tunica albuginea. The testicular capsule extended inside the testis to give connective tissue septa. The bulk of the testis was composed of seminiferous tubules. These tubules were surrounded by interstitium. The tubules filled with germinal cysts; contained germinal cells at different stages of development and surrounded by cytoplasmic processes of Sertoli cells. The spermatogenic cells were spermatogonia type A and type B, primary spermatocytes, secondary sperma-tocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa. The interstitium filled the intertubular spaces and was composed mainly of fine collagenous connective tissue which contained abundant Leydig (interstitial) cells and blood capillaries. The testis during winter appeared evacuated from the spermatozoa with no cystic arrangement of the germinal cells. The testis showed different degrees of vacuolation. The tubular lumen contained residual sperms. The vacuoles appeared in the Sertoli cells. Phagocytic cells were observed in close association of the basement membrane of Sertoli cells.

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