Saturable absorption of polymer film composites with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and multilayer graphene (GR) were studied by Z- and P-scan methods with femtosecond probing pulses at a wavelength of 1.06 μm. As a matrix for the composite film, a polymer carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) was used. For these composites, the dependence of transmittance on peak intensity of a probe pulse was shown. The values of saturation intensities for the GR-CMC and SWNT-CMC composites were determined by the different methods. The intensities at which optical damage of the composites occurs were estimated.
Silica optical fibers are employed in endoscopy and related minimally invasive medical methods thanks to their good transparency and flexibility. Although silicon oxide is a biocompatible material, its use involves a serious health risk due to its fragility and the fact that potential fiber fragments can freely move inside the body without the possibility of being detected by conventional methods such as X-ray imaging. A possible solution to this issue can be the development of optical fibers based on bioresorbable (i.e., biodegradable and biocompatible) materials, which exhibit the important benefit of not having to be explanted after their functionality has expired. The optical power transmission tests of recently developed single-mode (SM) and multi-mode (MM) bioresorbable optical fibers based on calcium-phosphate glasses (CPGs) are here reported. A continuous-wave (CW) fiber laser at 1080 nm with output power up to 13 W and picosecond laser sources at 515 and 1030 nm with MW pulse peak power were used to test the transmission capabilities of the CPG fibers. No degradation of the CPG fibers transmission under long-term illumination by CW laser was observed. A laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) at a fluence higher than 0.17 J/cm2 was assessed with the picosecond laser sources.
We show that the laser spectra of ZnO films composed of particles that look like microtowers represent two bands with practically constant spectral distances between their peaks. By numerical analysis, we show that these two bands are due to whispering gallery modes (WGM), and one of these bands corresponds to the quasi-whispering gallery mode. Thus, we obtain here the first clear demonstration of the existence of quasi-WGMs, and show, in addition, that the width of the bands is caused by random spread of sizes of the ZnO particles in the lasing part.
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