Domiati cheese was made from heated cow's milk with tow levels of salt (5% or 10%) with adding 1% activated commercial starter cultures of YC-X11 (Str. thermophilus and Lb. delbruekii ss. bulgaricus, T1), Bio Profit (Lb rhamnosus and Propio. freudenreichii ss. shermanii, T2) and LC 705 (Lb. casei, T3). Resulting cheeses were pickled into its own whey. The low-salted cheese was pickled for 6 months and the high-salted cheese after 9 months. Moisture, salt and yield of low and high-salt cheeses decreased with adding starter culture, while an increase was noticed in the acidity, soluble nitrogen (SN) and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA). High salt cheeses had significantly higher values for moisture, salt and yield with significantly lower acidity, SN and TVFA than low salt cheeses. The values of moisture, salt and yield gradually decreased during pickling while acidity, SN and TVFA significantly increased. Domiati cheese with starter culture had higher total bacterial count (TBC) than that of control being highest in T3. Increasing the salt in cheese milk resulted in lower TBC. Values of TBC increased in all samples during early pickling and then sharply decreased till the end. There was a remarkable inhibition in the growth of sporeforming bacteria and yeasts & moulds with adding starter culture. Sensory quality attributes of cheese improved with adding starter culture. Pickling of cheese up to different periods led to better flavour as well as body & texture but extending the period beyond caused lower quality. The rate of improvement was faster in cheese of low salt than that from 10% salted milk. Starter culture of Bio Profit (T2) produced cheese with typical ripened cheese flavour and texture and can be recommended for low or high-salt cheeses.
Background: Patients post-cardiac surgeries are developed restrictive pulmonary impairment postoperatively. Different respiratory modalities are used to reduce pulmonary complications. Aim: to compare between patients using different respiratory modalities post-cardiac surgeries regarding pulmonary complications rate. Design: Descriptive comparative research design. Subject: 150 patients post-cardiac surgeries, divided into three groups (A, B & C), 50 for each group. Group (A) practiced deep breathing and coughing exercises, Group (B) used incentive spirometer and the group (C) used all previous respiratory modalities. Setting: This study was conducted at cardiovascular hospital affiliated to Ain Shams University. Tools: Patients' demographic & clinical data form and postoperative pulmonary complications assessment sheet. Results: The studied patients post-cardiac surgeries in group (C) who practiced different respiratory modalities had lower post-operative pulmonary complications rate than the patients in other groups (A & B) with statistical significant difference < 0.01. Conclusion: Using of different respiratory modalities had significant positive effective on reducing post-operative pulmonary complication rate among patients post-cardiac surgeries. Recommendation: the importance of using different respiratory modalities for all patients' post-cardiac surgeries in other setting.
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