Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin is a rare species for Altai Republic. It possesses medicinal and fodder properties and therefore is considered a valuable resource species. Populations of this species are regularly exposed to anthropogenic impact. The impact factors are harvesting of rhizomes and cattle grazing. We have carried out the restoration of two populations of this species. The seeds for restorative planting were collected from healthy plants in the same populations, at a distance of 10 km or less from the restoration site. The genetic analysis of DNA fragments showed a reliable similarity of genetic diversity in planted and naturally growing individuals in each of the studied populations. Comparison showed that plants in more remote locations, which are less accessible for tourism and economic activities, were characterized by higher genetic diversity.
This paper examines the morphological variability in coenopopulations of the rare species Adonis villosa Ledeb., which grows in the North Altai. We have described the features of the places where this rare species grows in the Maiminsky (on the right bank of the Maima river, in the vicinity of the villages of Maima, Kyzyl-Ozek, Kutash) and Choysky Districts (in the vicinity of the villages of Choya, Karasuk, Paspaul, Levinka). The studies of intra- and inter-population variability in dynamics over the years were conducted. It is established that the degree of variability of morphological features in similar ecological and geographical conditions is influenced by weather conditions. Based on the analysis of the state of the studied coenopopulations, the limiting factors for the growth and development of plants and the most favorable conditions for the introduction of this rare species into the culture were identified. The limiting factors should be considered insufficient moisture in the winter-spring period, a higher altitude location, the presence of low grassy cover and the absence of woody and shrubby vegetation. All the A. villosa specimens we studied were confined to well-warmed, open slopes, mainly in the southern exposure. In the most favorable conditions, up to 7 lateral shoots can form on the axial shoot. In most cases, individuals of A. villosa form 23 lateral shoots. It was found that the parameters of the length of generative shoots were characterized by higher variability than the number of enrichment shoots. During the three-year observation period, individuals growing on the edge of the forest canopy were significantly higher. The shortest individuals were recorded (the height did not exceed 20 cm) in the coenopopulation located on an open, uncultivated area with low grass cover.
Состояние ценопопуляций редкого вида Brachanthemum krylovii Serg. (Asteraceae) в Республике Алтай Работа выполнена в рамках проекта «Оценка морфогенетического потенциала популяций растений Северной Азии экспериментальными методами» (рег. номер 0312-2014-0001) при частичной поддержке Российского фонда фундаментальных исследований (рег. номер 0312-2014-0001).
Background. Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin (Asteraceae) is a rare species for the Altai Republic (AR). The purpose of this study was to characterize the genetic polymorphism of Rhaponticum carthamoides at the inter- and intrapopulation level in a comparative analysis for subsequent selection of seed samples from the genetically most heterogeneous natural populations of the AR for practical purposes. Materials and methods. The species was studied for ISSR variability in five habitats in the AR. DNA from dried leaves of R. carthamoides was isolated using the STAB method. For testing seventeen ISSR primers were used, seven of which were selected as most informative ones. Results and conclusion. The analysis showed that individual plants from five cenopopulations (CP) were distributed into three groups of similarity on the dendrogram. A separate clade was formed by plant samples from two CPs of the Katun Nature Reserve (KNR). Samples of one of those CPs grew on well-warmed southern slopes and exhibited a higher genetic heterogeneity than the others. The highest intrapopulation and interpopulation similarity in the distribution of DNA fragments was also found in two CPs from habitats with the smallest geographic distance from each other. Representatives of a separate population, least in size and number of individuals in the KNR, showed a high level of similarity in the distribution of DNA fragments. Significantly lower coefficients of genetic similarity with other CPs were found in plants from a small isolated CP from the Shavlinsky Protected Area. It can be assumed that one of the main reasons for the least genetic similarity of this population with others is its location in the immediate vicinity of the foothill at the pass to Achik (Ongudaysky District; absolute height: 2300 masl). This location can be a limiting factor for the exchange of genetic information with individuals from other populations.
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