남성 흡연율에 대한 지역별 금연 조례 시행에 대한 효과: 지역사회건강조사 자료 이용

Abstract

OBJECTIVES:As one of smoke-free policies, communities have established the smoke-free ordinances since August 2010. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of community-level smoke-free ordinances (SFO) on smoking rates in men using multiyear Community Health Survey (CHS) data.METHODS:Data on community-level SFO were collected from a website on Enhanced Local Laws and Regulation Information System. Regional smoking-related data were obtained from CHS data from 2008 to 2012 and the age-standardized rates of current smoking in men, attempts to quit smoking, and smoke-free campaign experiences including the mean number of cigarettes smoked (smoking amount) were calculated. Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to evaluate the effects of regional implementation of SFO and the duration on change of smoking rates.RESULTS:Overall current smoking rates and daily mean cigarettes smoked were lower in community where SFO had been implemented compared to those without implementation, and there was a significant difference in smoking rates between 2010 and 2008. Cross-sectional analysis of the effects of regional SFO revealed clear difference in rate of current smoking, but longitudinal analysis showed no significant differences. Stratifying by age groups, however, showed that groups less than 30 years of age had low smoking rates in community with ordinance compared to those without SFO since 2010. Yearly surveys measuring the number of cigarettes smoked, attempts to quit smoking, and experiences of smoke-free campaigns showed regional differences in the duration of implementation, but these differences were not significant in longitudinal analysis. Furthermore, there was a difference in regional socioeconomic characteristics between community with and without SFO implementation.CONCLUSIONS:For effective smoking control, it is necessary to evaluate current policies and develop indices to evaluate the practical implementation of ordinances. As more communities to pass the SFO, long-term observation and assessments required.

Affecting Factors of Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Korea: Focused on Different Exposure Locations

“…It might be indicated that impact of smoking and SHS control policy are limited. A previous study in Korea indicated that the effects of regional smoke-free ordinances revealed clear difference in rate of current smoking among males ( 35 ). The result is inconsistent with ours may be because that, this previous study focused on active smoking prevalence only among males, while our study focused on SHS prevalence and research objects were nonsmokers (most were female).…”

What explains the link between childhood ADHD and adolescent depression? Investigating the role of peer relationships and academic attainment

“…Two possible factors linking ADHD and depression are difficulties in peer relationships and academic attainment. Difficulties with peer relationships have been shown to be important in depression aetiology [14][15][16] and children with ADHD often have difficulties with peers [17,18]. Academic attainment in examinations and other aspects of educational performance including motivation, the ability to function in the classroom, and general cognitive ability have also been associated with ADHD [19,20] and depression [16,[21][22][23][24].…”

The effect of outdoor smoking ban: Evidence from Korea

“…Beginning with Gwanak-gu, Seoul, in June 2011, 219 out of 226 cities have implemented bans as of the end of 2016 ( Figure 2). Lee, Park, Kim, and Jung-Choi (2014) also found that outdoor smoking bans were implemented earlier in cities with higher average educational attainment and fiscal independence ratio. Lee, Park, Kim, and Jung-Choi (2014) also found that outdoor smoking bans were implemented earlier in cities with higher average educational attainment and fiscal independence ratio.…”

“…The rollout of the bans was over 5 years (2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015), but most localities implemented bans during the 2011-2014 period: The share of cities with outdoor smoking bans increased from zero in 2010 to 19.5% in 2011, 54.9% in 2012, 88.1% in 2013, 91.2% in 2014, and 94.2% in 2015. Urban and metropolitan cities tended to implement bans earlier than rural cities did. Lee, Park, Kim, and Jung-Choi (2014) also found that outdoor smoking bans were implemented earlier in cities with higher average educational attainment and fiscal independence ratio. Bus stops, public parks, school zones, and outdoor parking lots are the most commonly protected places under local outdoor smoking bans (Cho, 2014).…”