Удосконалення Діагностики Й Лікування Гепатобіліарної Патології В Підлітків З Ожирінням

2023

The role of miRNA in the development of hepatobiliary diseases is considered in the scientific review. To write the article, information was searched using Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Global Health, The Cochrane Library databases. The authors provided information on the generation of a certain spectrum of miRNA by different types of cells of the hepatobiliary system. The authors state that miR-122-5p, miR-101, miR-192, miR-193, miR-194, miR-802 are hepatocyte-associated microRNAs. It is known that numerous microRNAs are involved in the regulation of the inflammatory process: miR-21, miR-29a, miR-96, miR-122, miR-125b, miR-132, miR-155, miR-146a, miR-150, miR-155, miR-181 and let-7. Among the many microRNAs involved in the regulation of inflammation in the liver, miR-122 and miR-155 are the most studied. It is stated that microRNAs such as let-7d, miR-15b, miR-19b, miR-21, miR-24, miR-29c, miR-122, miR-145, miR-155, miR-199, miR-200c, miR-378a are the most important modulators for the activity of fibrosis development in various tissues of the body, including liver tissue. MicroRNAs involved in the development of TGF-β1-induced liver fibrosis are presented. Scientists believe that since microRNAs regulate the cell cycle, proliferation and apoptosis of cells, they are factors that significantly affect the development of hepatobiliary tumors. It is emphasized that changes in miRNA profile in liver tissue or blood serum have their diagnostic value. Modulations of microRNAs are shown, which are associated with specific diseases of the liver and biliary tract with a high degree of probability. Thus, various miRNAs play an important role in the development of hepatobiliary diseases. A certain spectrum of miRNAs is generated by different cell types and plays an important role in the maturation and functioning of the hepatobiliary system. MicroRNAs indirectly participate in the synthesis of proteins, differentiation of cells, tissues and play an important pathogenetic role in the development of hepatobiliary diseases. The most important feature of microRNAs is their high resistance to the action of enzymatic substances, which allows them to be used as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers.

The role of miRNAs in the development of hepatobiliary diseases

2023

The role of microRNA in the development of liver diseases. Part 1

2023

The scientific review shows the role of miRNA in the development of liver diseases, namely: acute liver failure, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. To write the article, information was searched using the databases Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Global Health, The Cochrane Library, CyberLeninka. The authors indicate the importance of some miRNAs in the development of liver diseases. It was established that the development of acute liver failure is associated with a significant increase in the concentration of miR-21, miR-122, miR-221 and miR-192 in blood serum. The authors present the features of changes in miRNA content in acute liver failure in children. It is stated that drug-induced acute liver failure is accompanied by an increase in the concentration level of miR-122, miR-1246, miR-4270, miR-4433, miR-4463, miR-4484, miR-4532, pre-miR-4767 and a decrease in the concentration level miR-455-3p, miR-1281 and pre-miR-4274 in serum. MicroRNAs miR-224-5p, miR-320a, miR-449a and miR-877-5p regulate the process of metabolizing acetaminophen by inhibiting enzymes (CYP3A4, HNF1A, HNF4A and NR1I2). The authors demonstrated that transfection of exogenous miR-224-5p, miR-320a, miR-449a and miR-877-5p into HepaRG cells protects them from the toxic effect of acetaminophen. The scientists demonstrated that patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis had more than two-fold increased concentrations of miR-19a and miR-19b, miR-122, miR-125b, miR-192 and miR-375 in their blood serum. It is emphasized that overexpression of miR-122 is associated with high activity of alanine aminotransferase. Thus, the association of micro-RNA generation with the development of liver diseases has become the goal of research by scientists around the world in recent years. The development of acute liver failure is associated with a significant increase in the concentration of miR-21, miR-122, miR-221 and miR-192 in blood serum. A high level of miR-27b-3p, miR-122-5p, miR-192-5p, miR-1290 in blood serum is a highly diagnostic marker of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Therefore, microRNAs play an important role in the development of acute liver failure and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and can be used as diagnostic and prognostic criteria, which, in the future, may contribute to increasing the effectiveness of therapy.

The role of microRNA in the development of liver diseases. Part 2

2023

The scientific review shows the role of miRNA in the development of liver diseases, namely hepatocellular carcinoma. To write the article, we have searched for information in the Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Global Health, The Cochrane Library databases. In the development of hepatocellular carcinoma, the role of miRNAs involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis is emphasized. Scientists believe that loss of miR-122 expression in liver cancer correlates with inhibition of the liver phenotype and increased risk of metastasis. It is noted that the development of hepatocellular carcinoma is accompanied by an increase in the level of let-7, miR-26, miR-101 and a decrease in the concentration of miR-17-92, miR-181, miR-221 in blood serum, which can be used as diagnostic criteria. MiR-21 is considered a typical onco-microRNA and the level of circulating miR-21 in peripheral blood can serve as a potential biomarker of the early stage of hepatocellular carcinoma. In hepatocellular carcinoma, a low content of miR-34 is noted, which leads to the activation of the cyclin Е and an increase in the proliferative potential, which favors hepatocarcinogenesis. MiR-34a has an inhibitory effect on almost all oncogenic cellular processes. The researchers demonstrated that the change in the microRNA spectrum is mediated by the primary change in the generation of some circular single-stranded RNAs — circular RNAs. Thus, scientific studies of recent years confirm that miRNAs in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis. As a potential biomarker of the early stage of hepatocellular carcinoma, the researchers identify the level of miR-21 in blood serum and consider it a typical onco-microRNA. MiR-34a has an inhibitory effect on almost all oncogenic cellular processes in hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, microRNAs play a very important role in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma and can be used as diagnostic and prognostic criteria, and factors of pathogenesis whose medicinal modulation will contribute to increasing the effectiveness of therapy.