The review examines current trends in the development of biomedical nanotechnology, its application in various fields of medicine and prospects for further development. Among the main directions — monitoring and control of delivery, distribution and use of drugs; nanobiosensors; diagnostics of pathological states; theranostics; use of nanostructured materials in regenerative medicine; nanotoxicology; nanophytopharmacy; green synthesis; development of new nanobiotech devices and nanorobototics.