Сonceptual approaches to organization of monitoring of geological environment and mineral resources of Ukraine in modern terms

Abstract

Monitoring of geological environment and mineral resources is a very important element, which provides functioning of all system of state administration in the field of environment protection, uses of natural resources and ecological safety in Ukraine, development of which the protracted historical period was determined by the mining minerals export of products of its processing. It stipulated critical, often close to catastrophic, state of geological environment in the basic mining districts of country. Especially a situation was aggravated in Donbas, where, in connection with the conduct of battle actions, out-of-control closing of mines and stopping of the mine waters pumping, an ecocatastrophe began to develop rapid rates. The programs of ecological rehabilitation of mining regions must be based on the constantly operating real-time prognosis model of geological environment on the basis of the geographic information system with the debugged systems of monitoring of its different parts (hydrogeological, engineer-geological, seismic, contaminations of soils and surface water et al). At creation and functioning of such models in districts with the crisis and catastrophic state of environment financial resources will be distributed more rationally on warning and decision of concrete ecological problems which can arise up in case of realization of the most ecological risks expected in such model.

Problematic issues of criminal prosecution for the illegal extraction of mineral resources

“…Existing gaps in the legislation, which allow for the extrac tion of minerals with impunity (including strategic impor tance) are unacceptable as they lead to deregulation and abol ishing of the institutions of the State in the light of the general decline of the economy, negative consequences of the global Covid19 pandemic, underfunding of budgets of various lev els, first of all, local ones, increasing of medical spending. The authors of this research, as well as the scientists in dif ferent domains of interest, have already studied some legal and organizational aspects of increasing level of environmental safety by the subjects of subsoil use, monitoring of the geo logical environment and mineral resources of Ukraine [2], le gal liability in general, the improvement of administrative and criminal liability for illegal mining, advancing of procedural mechanisms for the use of legal norms [3,4], the latency of the environmental crimes. It confirms the relevance and versatility of the topic in today's conditions while all this is further cor roborated by research in the relevant sectoral areas taking into account the specifics of particular minerals [5].…”