Особо Охраняемые Природные Территории И Коренные Народы: Способы Решения Конфликтов В Сравнении Между Британской Колумбией (Канада) И Приморским Краем (Россия)

Abstract

The aim of establishing of protected areas is the preservation of natural heritage. The small populations of indigenous peoples engaged in hunting, fishing, and reindeer herding are heavily dependent on natural conditions. Any territorial alterations associated with industry and commerce impact the indigenous economy. The indigenous peoples often have their original approaches to nature protection. Therefore, conflicts between the locals and the administration of protected areas happen frequently. The reasons of mutual misunderstanding include the lack of clearly delineated borderlines within protected areas, the necessity for the locals to abandon their hunting territories and constrains imposed on their traditional trades. Moreover, it is often hard for the indigenous peoples to accept emerging restrictions related to what has been ever belonging to their ancestors. After a protected area has been established, it often becomes an attraction for tourists unfamiliar with local traditions. There often sacred places in territories inhabited by the indigenous peoples. Strict rules must be observed by those who visit such places. Many problems are region-specific. Common problems include illegal deforestation, hunting and fishing and uncontrolled tourism. The present paper discusses more and less successful approaches to co-administration of protected areas.