Загрози Енергетичній Безпеці України

Abstract

Viktor Polischuk. Eco Taxation as Instrument of Eco Economy Regulation. The main target of this article is to determine the role of eco tax in the structure of GDP formation, and the importance of eco taxation for fiscal policy realization. Comparative analysis and other approaches were used for this. The author offers to consider the positive experience of EU countries in formation of efficient eco taxation model. The article analyses data characterizing eco tax incomes of EU countries in 2008-2015. The most important aspects of eco taxation realization in EU countries are analyzed, since eco taxes are part of fiscal policy programs aimed to convince society in urgent necessity to make the economy eco-oriented. The article offers complex analysis of environmental pollution and resources taxes structuring. System approach determines the influence of energy and transport taxes on long-term development of eco energy and eco vehicles. Eco taxation partially depends on proper administration which includes determination of contamination level, tax fees, and their ability to react quickly on ecological and economic changes. Eco tax must correspond to the level of environmental impact. Eco tax incomes are used with different purposes, but compensation of tax incentives are their primary function. Compensation of tax incentives is used to conduct eco tax reform. The key element of stable development of European countries is realization of innovative ecological policy, economic policy, and eco labor tax reform, all directed on environmental protection.

Energy security as a guarantee of Ukraine’s independence

“…since then, ukraine has been importing gas from slovakia, poland and hungary . in 2016, ukraine provided 65 .6% of its own gas, which indicates a significant decrease in ukraine's dependence on natural gas imports (Matviychuk, 2018) .…”

“…7%), which has a very negative impact on the level of energy security of ukraine, as it indicates inefficiency of the domestic energy system . losses during transportation and distribution of energy also increase end-user tariffs (Matviychuk, 2018) .…”