“…Notably, the flat band potentials of triangular β-Bi 2 O 3 in B1 and γ-Bi 2 O 3 tetrahedra in B3 are close to those of β-Bi 2 O 3 and γ-Bi 2 O 3 crystals in the works proposed by Ma et al and Ahila et al , respectively. 60,61 Furthermore, the gradient of the slopes in the linear region of the M–S plots implies the charge carrier density ( N D ) of the products according to the following formula: 62
where e , ε o , ε , V , and C represent the elementary charge (1.6 × 10 −19 C), permittivity of vacuum, dielectric constant for Bi 2 O 3 (45 herein), 63 capacitance, and applied bias at the photoanode, respectively. The charge carrier density of B1, B2, and B3 is 4.62 × 10 19 , 4.41 × 10 20 , and 4.88 × 10 17 , respectively.…”