“…The charge carrier density of B1, B2, and B3 is 4.62 × 10 19 , 4.41 × 10 20 , and 4.88 × 10 17 , respectively. The triangular β-Bi 2 O 3 crystals display a higher charge carrier density than γ-Bi 2 O 3 tetrahedra; this observation can be supported by the work on the charge carrier density of Bi 2 O 3 nanostructures with different phases 64. Dual-phase B2 exhibits the highest charge carrier density compared to the other single-phase Bi 2 O 3 products (B1 and B3).…”