The article deals with the topical issues of the influence of psychological and social factors that determine patient medication adherence on the treatment process. The internal picture of the disease, a patient's views on health as the value and goals of treatment, the features of the patient's perception of his doctor and communication with the latter are analyzed as psychological factors influencing the treatment process. It is shown that when considering the patient-doctor dyad, it is necessary to take into account the impact of the social environment on this process on a global scale. The processes of involvement in treatment and its adherence is often dependent on many social factors, such as the presence of stigma in relation to these or those diseases; mass media exposure, etc.