γ-Methyleneglutamine and γ-Methyleneglutamic Acid in the Tulip (Tulipa gesneriana)

Nitrogen Accumulation in the Roots of Tulip Plants (Tulipa gesneriana)

“…DONE and FOWDEN (3) observed the presence of r-MGln in the groundnut plant (Arachis hypogaea), and ZACHARIUS et al (5) firstly found it in the tulip bulb. Moreover, FOWDEN and STEWARD (4) who investigated the free amino acid composition in the leaves of 14 species of genus Tulipa, found that a very large amount of r-MGln was accumulated in the leaves of some species including Tulipa gesneriana though it was not detected in some other species.…”

Amino Acid Metabolism and Transport in Soybean Plants

“…In addition to the 20 protein amino acids, over 400 nonprotein amino acids are found in various natural sources, and about 240 of them have been found in plants [9]. 4-Methylene glutamine is a nonprotein amino acid found only in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) [10] and tulip (Tulipa gesneriana) [11], and this amide is highly accumulated in the leaves and stems of the tulip plants [12], and the tentatively stored N is used for reuse of bulb storage N. Some nonprotein amino acids are toxic such as canavanine and concanavanine A in sword bean (Canavalia gladiate), and these toxic amino acids may contribute to protect plant from feeding damages by animals, insects, or fungi [9].…”

γ-Methyleneglutamic Acid InLilium martagon

“…Y-Methyleneglutamic acid is an aminoacid already isolated from Arachis hypogea [1], Tulipa gesneriana [2], Phyllitis scolopendrium [31, Amorpha fruticosa [5], Tetrapleura tetraptera [6], Lilium maxirnovici [7], Lilium aindidurn [8] and also identified in Humulus lupulus [9], Lilium regale [10], L. longiflorurn, Notolirium thompsonianum, Fritillaria meleagris, Haworthia coarctata [11], Poligala vulgaris [12] and Tamarindus indica [13]. It has now been identified in Lilium martagon which is grown in the Alps above 1000 m altitude.…”