β-Sitosterol Attenuates High Grain Diet-Induced Inflammatory Stress and Modifies Rumen Fermentation and Microbiota in Sheep

Xia, Guangliang; Sun, Jie; Fan, Yihong; Zhao, Fangfang; Ahmed, Gulzar; Jin, Yinlong; Zhang, Ying; Wang, Hongrong

doi:10.3390/ani10010171

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(48 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The higher levels of ARE supplementation (5% and 8% dry matter) in this study increased the abundance of Rikenellaceae _RC9_gut_group, Succiniclasticum and Prevotella _1 when compared with control calves, which indicated that ARE contributed to the growth of protein and carbohydrate degrading rumen microbes, and to the supply of energy for yak calves. Studies have demonstrated that Prevotella _1 contributed to the production of rumen acetic acid and propionate acid, 58,61 which is consistent with the higher rumen acetic acid propionic acid concentrations in the ARE 80 than ARE 0 group in the current results. In addition, supplementary ARE increased the proportion of the Ruminococcaceae _NK4A214_group and Christensenellaceae _R‐7_group.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The core bacterial genus Rikenellaceae _RC9_gut_group is classified in the Rikenellaceae family, which has been reported to alleviate oxidative stress by suppressing proinflammatory cytokines in inflammatory tissues, 58 and to be involved in the degradation of structural carbohydrates 59 . Succiniclasticum converts succinate into propionate, an important precursor of glucose in ruminants 60 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Astragalus root extract improved average daily gain, immunity, antioxidant status and ruminal microbiota of early weaned yak calves

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BACKGROUND Early weaning in yak calves is being attempted to improve yak reproduction rate. However, this has to be done with caution because of the high mortality rate of calves due to the lack of nutrients and the harsh environmental conditions. Twenty‐four weaned male yak calves were used in a 60 day feeding trial in which astragalus root extract (ARE) was supplemented. They were assigned randomly to one of four dietary treatments (n = six per treatment) that differed in ARE level: 0 g kg−1 (control), ARE0; 20 g kg−1, ARE20; 50 g kg−1, ARE50; and 80 g kg−1 dry matter intake (DMI), ARE80. RESULTS Final bodyweight and average daily gain (ADG) were significantly higher and the DMI/ADG ratio was significantly lower in calves with ARE supplementation than control (ARE0) calves. Ruminal concentrations of acetate and propionate and serum concentration of superoxide dismutase in ARE80 calves were higher than in the other groups and serum concentration of insulin was higher in ARE80 calves than in ARE20 calves. Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) concentrations in ARE‐fed calves were higher than in controls. Serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF‐α) concentration was higher in ARE50 and ARE80 groups than ARE0 calves and serum interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) concentration was higher in ARE80 than in ARE0 calves. Serum immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG and immunoglobulin M (IgM) concentrations increased with age in ARE‐fed calves. ARE supplementation increased the abundance of fiber degrading bacteria. CONCLUSION ARE at a dosage of 5% to 8% DMI can be supplemented to early weaned yak calves to improve growth performance, antioxidant capacity and immunity. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Astragalus root extract improved average daily gain, immunity, antioxidant status and ruminal microbiota of early weaned yak calves

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the current study, the decreased Shuttleworthia observed with the BSG hydrolysates and ANT treatments may explain the decreased starch digestibility with FlaH and ANT. A recent study has shown a negative correlation between Shuttleworthia and lactate and NH 3 -N concentration [ 64 ], thus explaining the higher NH 3 -N production with BSG hydrolysates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of brewers’ spent grain protein hydrolysates on gas production, ruminal fermentation characteristics, microbial protein synthesis and microbial community in an artificial rumen fed a high grain diet

Tao

Jin

Abeynayake

et al. 2021

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Brewers’ spent grain (BSG) typically contains 20% – 29% crude protein (CP) with high concentrations of glutamine, proline and hydrophobic and non-polar amino acid, making it an ideal material for producing value-added products like bioactive peptides which have antioxidant properties. For this study, protein was extracted from BSG, hydrolyzed with 1% alcalase and flavourzyme, with the generated protein hydrolysates (AlcH and FlaH) showing antioxidant activities. This study evaluated the effects of AlcH and FlaH on gas production, ruminal fermentation characteristics, nutrient disappearance, microbial protein synthesis and microbial community using an artificial rumen system (RUSITEC) fed a high-grain diet. Results As compared to the control of grain only, supplementation of FlaH decreased (P < 0.01) disappearances of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), CP and starch, without affecting fibre disappearances; while AlcH had no effect on nutrient disappearance. Neither AlcH nor FlaH affected gas production or VFA profiles, however they increased (P < 0.01) NH3-N and decreased (P < 0.01) H2 production. Supplementation of FlaH decreased (P < 0.01) the percentage of CH4 in total gas and dissolved-CH4 (dCH4) in dissolved gas. Addition of monensin reduced (P < 0.01) disappearance of nutrients, improved fermentation efficiency and reduced CH4 and H2 emissions. Total microbial nitrogen production was decreased (P < 0.05) but the proportion of feed particle associated (FPA) bacteria was increased with FlaH and monensin supplementation. Numbers of OTUs and Shannon diversity indices of FPA microbial community were unaffected by AlcH and FlaH; whereas both indices were reduced (P < 0.05) by monensin. Taxonomic analysis revealed no effect of AlcH and FlaH on the relative abundance (RA) of bacteria at phylum level, whereas monensin reduced (P < 0.05) the RA of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and enhanced Proteobacteria. Supplementation of FlaH enhanced (P < 0.05) the RA of genus Prevotella, reduced Selenomonas, Shuttleworthia, Bifidobacterium and Dialister as compared to control; monensin reduced (P < 0.05) RA of genus Prevotella but enhaced Succinivibrio. Conclusions The supplementation of FlaH in high-grain diets may potentially protect CP and starch from ruminal degradation, without adversely affecting fibre degradation and VFA profiles. It also showed promising effects on reducing CH4 production by suppressing H2 production. Protein enzymatic hydrolysates from BSG using flavourzyme showed potential application to high value-added bio-products.

show abstract

“…During the past decades, the regulatory roles of gut microbiota on various diseases, including PCOS, have gained increasing attention ( 44 , 45 ). β-sitosterol could improve rumen fermentation in sheep by reducing microbial community and metabolic disorders induced by high grain feed ( 46 ). Therefore, we have reason to suspect that the protective effect of β-sitosterol on PCOS may be related to gut microbiota.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

β-Sitosterol Ameliorates Endometrium Receptivity in PCOS-Like Mice: The Mediation of Gut Microbiota

Cao

Huang

et al. 2021

Front. Nutr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), one of the most common endocrine diseases in women of childbearing age, has been found to be accompanied by changes in the gut microbiota. The Bu Shen Yang Xue formula (BSYXF) is a traditional Chinese medicine widely used for the treatment of PCOS. This study aimed to investigate whether the protective effects of β-sitosterol, the main active ingredient of BSYXF, on PCOS was mediated by regulating gut microbiota.Methods: The presence of β-sitosterol in BSYXF was detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The PCOS-like mouse model was induced by dehydroepiandrosterone. The fecal supernatant of β-sitosterol-treated mice was prepared for fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). Body weight and wet weight of the uterus and ovary of the mice were recorded for organ index calculation. Hematoxylin and eosin stain was used to assess the endometrial morphology and microenvironment changes. Expression of endometrial receptivity markers cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Integrin ανβ3, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), and homeobox A10 (HOXA10) in the endometrium were determined by immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to detect the expression of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone (P), and testosterone (T) in the serum. The diversity of gut microbiota was examined by 16S rDNA gene sequencing.Results: With the treatment of β-sitosterol and β-sitosterol-FMT, the uterine index of PCOS-like mice increased, the ovarian index decreased, levels of COX-2, LH and T decreased, and levels of Integrin ανβ3, LIF, HOXA10, FSH, and P increased. Under β-sitosterol treatment, the structure of the gut microbiota in PCOS-like mice was also changed.Conclusion: β-sitosterol regulates the endometrial receptivity of PCOS and harmonizes the sex hormone balance, which may be related to the changes in the structure and composition of gut microbiota, thus affecting the pathological process of PCOS.

show abstract

β-Sitosterol Attenuates High Grain Diet-Induced Inflammatory Stress and Modifies Rumen Fermentation and Microbiota in Sheep

Cited by 29 publications

References 43 publications

Astragalus root extract improved average daily gain, immunity, antioxidant status and ruminal microbiota of early weaned yak calves

Astragalus root extract improved average daily gain, immunity, antioxidant status and ruminal microbiota of early weaned yak calves

Effects of brewers’ spent grain protein hydrolysates on gas production, ruminal fermentation characteristics, microbial protein synthesis and microbial community in an artificial rumen fed a high grain diet

β-Sitosterol Ameliorates Endometrium Receptivity in PCOS-Like Mice: The Mediation of Gut Microbiota

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About